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Electrical power system operates at various voltage levels from 415 V to 400 KV or even more. Electrical apparatus used may be enclosed (e.g., motors) or placed in the open (e.g., transmission lines). All such equipment undergo abnormalities in their lifetime due to various reasons. To achieve safet...
Selective co-ordination is a very important aspect of power system protection design. When a short circuit or an abnormal power flow occurs for a sustained period of time, the protective devices should react to isolate the problem with minimum disruption to the balance of the system.
This course is...
With advances in power electronics, need for dc power supplies in integrated circuits (ICs) and digital circuits has increased tremendously. Power electronics finds wide application in power utility systems and uninterruptible power sources, to increase the efficiency of the system. In industries, i...
Kinematics specifies the joint parameters and computes the configuration of the chain. For serial manipulators this is achieved by direct substitution of the joint parameters into the forward kinematics equations for the serial chain. The essential concept of forward kinematic is that the positions...
Robotics deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots, as well as computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing. Robots have some kind of mechanical construction, electrical components which power and control the machinery and some leve...
A pipe is an essential component of an industrial plant. The piping system not only deals with the pipe, it also includes valves, bolts, fittings, baskets etc. The piping system varies from industry to industry depending on their need. It helps in transfer of liquid gas or any other thing from one ...
Applications ranging from the process industries to the automotive and the communications sector are making increased use of Model Predictive Control(MPC), where a fixed control law is replaced by on-line optimization performed over a receding horizon. The advantage is that MPC can deal with almost...
A programmable logic controller (PLC) is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes and is used in many industries and machines. Technical staff should have expertise on the functional design, hardware configuration, programming and application of Programmable Logic Contro...
A distributed control system (DCS) is a control system for a process or plant, wherein control elements are distributed throughout the system. It is commonly used in manufacturing equipment and utilizes input and output protocols to control the machine. Technical staff should have expert knowledge o...
Optimizing the process with proper setting and tuning of control loops is necessary to increase quality consistency. Correctly setting PID control loop parameters will result in a properly controlled process with a minimum of overshoot and instability while retaining excellent control response. Tec...
Process controls are designed and implemented within the process control system to facilitate basic operation, control and automation requirements. Controllers which are not correctly configured and tuned will not perform optimally and will not reduce variability in the process as they should. Techn...
Analog and digital signals are used to transmit information, usually through electric signals. In both these technologies, the information, such as any audio or video, is transformed into electric signals. The difference between analog and digital technologies is that in analog technology, informati...
Process engineering is at the core of chemical, oil, gas, and petrochemical industries. Throughout all stages of the design of a chemical plant, engineers of many disciplines communicate by reference to diagrams from the simple block diagram to the comprehensive engineering process line diagrams whi...
Machine components are basic mechanical parts used as the building block for machines. Bearings play a momentous role in the incipient Industrial Revolution. The most common bearing is the plain bearing, which uses surfaces in rubbing contact. Bearings, in general, vary greatly in the size. They hav...
Material handling plays an important role in manufacturing industries for providing right material, with the right estimation, at the right time, and at the right cost. Material handling equipment involves a range of tools, vehicles, storage units and appliances that help in transporting, storing an...
The role and conception of plant engineer have been changing dynamically over years due to the changing technologies and business models. Plant engineers have an intermixed responsibilities in industries like Planning, Production Sequence, Effort Optimization, Advisory capacity and many more areas t...
The first step in networking is to understand the way in which a network operates and the components used to connect two or more devices to the network. This connection is enabled by Routers and Switches.
This course provides information about fundamentals of Telecommunication, OSI and TCP/IP models...
Ethernet has become an indispensable part since communication between devices in this fast & modern world would not have been possible without it. Ethernet is applied to an industrial setting, which blends multiple computers, devices, machine, etc., over an organization so that they can communicate ...
Openness, Productivity and Connectivity or Open Platform Communications (OPC) is mainly designed to provide a common communication bridge for Windows-based software applications and process control hardware. Specification of OPCs are based on the OLE, COM, and DCOM technologies
OLE stands for Obje...
A network consists of a larger number of the communication devices like Routers, Repeaters, Hubs and Switches. A router works like a traffic light between the networks. Without routers there would be no Internet.
Today, IP is the main protocol in use on the Internet, as it is a routed protocol. A ro...
Fiber-optic cables are made up of thin strands of glass or plastic which help to transmit data at the speed of light between two places exclusively on light-based technology. With the help of fiber optic cables, data can be transmitted digitally. Nowadays, telephone companies have started using fibe...
Fieldbus is a real-time distribution control system. It differs from other communication protocol, since it is mainly designed to resolve process control applications.
Fieldbus is mainly designed to replace point-to- point wiring which reduces significant reduction in installation costs and in the ...