- Defining Data, Information, and Content (193.26 KB) This paper contains the content of Chapter 1 of "Content Management Bible." It concerns the relationship between the terms in the title of the paper.
- Historical Bibliography of Quantum Computing (180.5 KB) This bibliographic essay reviews seminal papers in quantum computing. Although quan-tum computing is a young science, its researchers have already published thousands of note-worthy articles, far too many to list here.
- How to Find Energy Savings In Process Plants (1413.83 KB) This paper is to identify how to find energy savings opportunities by looking at the right metrics of performance for operations, equipment, and controls.
- How to Read “Sine Languageâ€: Reduce Process Cycling to Save Money (922.14 KB) This paper demonstrates practical methods to improve process efficiency by detecting, prioritizing, and eliminating cycling.
- Joule Effect on PRT's (141 KB) This paper offers an evaluation of the contribution to uncertainty due to Joule self‐heating effect in the temperature measurement using Platinum Resistance Thermometers.
- Lecture Notes for Digital Electronics (216.76 KB) This paper gives an overview of the Logic gates, Flip-Flops, Counters, Registers, State Machines, Analog/Digital Conversion and Memories and Processors.
- Measurement Technology & Laser Tracker (380.69 KB) Measurement instruments and systems evolve constantly,enabling the user to take advantage of a whole host of features
- Mercury Bioaccumulation in Some Commercially Valuable Marine Organisms (260.81 KB) This study was undertaken to determine the concentration of mercury in edible muscle of five commercially valuable marine organisms from Mosa Bay, Persian Gulf, Iran.
- Methane and Other Hydrocarbon Gas Emissions Resulting from Flaring in Kuwait Oilfields (820.7 KB) In the present study the Industrial Source Complex (ISCST3) Dispersion Model is used to calculate the ground level concentrations of methane and nonmethane hydrocarbons emitted due to flaring in all over Kuwait Oilfields.
- MHD flow of radiating and chemically reacting viscoelastic fluid through a porous medium (967.36 KB) An investigation of incompressible, electrically conducting, chemically reacting and radiating viscoelastic fluid through porous medium with constant injection/suction velocity in the presence of uniform magnetic field.
- Microstructural and In-Vitro Characterization of Glass-Reinforced Hydroxyapatite Composites (599.35 KB) In-vitro bioactivity was assessed by evaluating changes in pH and Ca2+ ion concentration of SBF-simulated body fluid on immersion of these composites in it for two weeks.
- Microstructural behaviour of top surface of tig welded 2219−t87 aluminium alloy (559.43 KB) The microstructural characterisation and corrosion behaviour of top surface of TIG welded 2219−T87 aluminium alloyin 0.6 M NaCl solution was studied by optical microscopy, SEM, potentiodynamic polarisation, and EIS.
- Microwave preparation characterisation & studies of nanosized cobalt oxide (210.71 KB) Present work reports, the microwave preparation of nanosized Co3O4 by thermal decomposition of cobalt oxalate precursor employing polyvinyl alcohol as a fuel.
- Mobile Robot Navigation in 2-D Dynamic Environments Using an Electrostatic Potential Field (248.99 KB) This paper proposes a solution to the two-dimensional (2-D)collision free path planning problem for an autonomous mobile robot utilizing an electrostatic potential field (EPF) developed through a resistor network,derived to represent the environment.
- Model-based white light interference microscopy for metrology of transparent film stacks (180.14 KB) Surface form and roughness evaluation by interferometry is a highlyevolved practical science, encompassing a wide range of tools from the laser Fizeau to the interference microscop
- Modeling and Analysis of an Integrated Power System Based on Methanol Autothermal Reforming (359.36 KB) The present paper is focused on the mathematical analysis of the main subsystems of the integrated power unit.
- Modeling Converters during the Warm-up period for Hydrocarbon Oxidation (413.53 KB) In this paper the conversion of a fast oxidizing hydrocarbon propylene is analysed using two numerical methods.
- Modeling Heat and Mass Transfer from Fabric-Covered Cylinders (701.23 KB) Fabric-covered cylinders are convenient analogs for clothing systems. The geometry is well defined and includes many of the effects that are important in garments.
- Modeling of Cylindrical Pin-Fin Heat Sinks for Electronic Packaging (939.36 KB) Analytical models are developed for determining heat transfer from in-line and staggered pin-fin heat sinks used in electronic packaging applications
- Modeling the fermentative production of l-glutamic acid (126.84 KB) The fermentation kinetics of L-glutamic acid by Corynebacterium glutamicum was studied in a batch bioreactor.
- Modelling Indoor Air Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Concentration using Neural Network (574.73 KB) In this study, a data-driven modelling method based on multilayer perceptron network for indoor air carbon dioxide in an apartment building is developed.
- Monte Carlo Simulations of Crack Propagation at Tee Joint along Pipe (252.57 KB) In this study, we use monte-carlo simulation method to understand and assess the phenomenon.
- Nanotechnology (553.87 KB) Nanotechnology and nanoscience is aout controlling and understanding matter on the sub-micrometer and atomic scale.
- Natural medicines used in the traditional indian medical system (1287.32 KB) Mechanisms such as the stimulating or regenerating effect on beta cells or extra pancreatic effects are proposed for the hypoglycemic action of these herbs. The traditional medicines demonstrated to understandimportance of traditional herbs.
- New Computational Models for Electrostatics of Macromolecules (189.45 KB) Electrostatic fields of macromolecules (e.g., protein molecules) in solvents are often described by the Poisson–Boltzmann equation.This paper introduces two substantial amendments to the electrostatic model
- New spectrophotometric methods for the estimation of gefitinib in bulk drug (1255.89 KB) The methods were found to be simple, economical, accurate and reproducible and can be used for routine analysis of Gefitinib in bulk drug and in pharmaceutical formulations.
- Novel Non-conventional Activated Carbon for the Remediation of Dyeing Industry Effluent (611.6 KB) The applicability of activated carbon prepared from Euphorbia antiquorum L wood impregnated with H3PO4 was analyzed for the removal of colouring matter present in the dyeing industry effluent.
- Numerical and experimental investigation of heat transfer of zno/water nanofluid (632.27 KB) The plate and concentric tube heat exchangers are tested by using the water- -water and nanofluid-water streams. The ZnO/water (0.5 v/v%) nanofluid has been used as the hot stream.
- Numerical Solution of Boundary Integral Equations for Molecular Electrostatics (347.73 KB) In this paper we evaluate two approaches to discretizing integral-equation formulations of linear,continuum models for estimating intra- and intermolecular electrostatic interactions
- Numerical Solution of the Equations of Salt Diffusion into the Potato Tissues (661.19 KB) For the studied conditions, equilibrium distribution coefficients were found to be dependent on salt concentrations, whereas the effective diffusivity was slightly affected by brine concentration.
- Nutritional Level in Edible Marine Fish Parastromateus Niger And Its Depletion during Storage (338.55 KB) The study emphasizes the details about the different storage process in edible marine fish and nutrient depletion during different hours of storage at room temperature, ordinary freezer,4â—¦C deep freezer,20â—¦C deep freezer .
- Occurrence and Diagenetic Evolution of Perylene in the Sediments of Oginigba Creek, Southern Nigeria (343.22 KB) Perylene and penta-aromatic hydrocarbons were determined in sediments as part of a study that was dedicated to the aquatic ecosystem of Oginigba Creek southern Nigeria.
- Oil Refineries Emissions: Source and Impact: A Study using AERMOD (807.38 KB) The main objectives of this paper are to measure pollutants concentrations in the oil refinery area in Kuwait over three periods during one year, obtain recent emission inventory for the three refineries of Kuwait, use AERMOD
- On the Use of Yielded Cost in Modeling Electronic Assembly Processes (122.14 KB) Yielded cost is defined as cost divided by yield and can be used as a metric for representing an effective cost per good (non-defective) assembly for a manufacturing process. Although yielded cost is not a new concept,
- Operational Predictive Model for a Municipal Waste Incinerator: A Spanish Case Study (589.59 KB) This paper describes a study of operational parameters by using the multivariate data analysis and neural networks for a municipal waste incinerator located in Majorca (Spain).
- Optical-CDMA in InP (779.48 KB) This paper describes our InP platforms for photonic integration and the development on these platforms of an ‘Optical Code Division Multiple Access’ system for local area networks.
- Optimal Mobile Sensor Motion Planning Under Nonholomonic Constraints for Parameter Estimation (294.3 KB) This paper presents a numerical solution for a mobile sensor motion trajectory scheduling problem under nonholomonic constraints of a project named MAS-net, which stands for Mobile Actuator-Sensor network.
- Optimal power flow evaluation of power system using genetic algorithm (124.06 KB) This paper presents an efficient genetic algorithm for solving non-convex optimal power flow (OPF) problems with bus voltage constraints for practical application.
- Optimal Production Planning of Electricity from Coal-Fired Power Plant Networks under Environmental Considerations (187.55 KB) In this study, optimal production planning of electricity from coal-fired power plants was analyzed with the view of emission capture and reduction while maintaining sufficient electricity demand.
- Optimal Robot Excitation and Identification (285.89 KB) This paper discusses experimental robot identification based on a statistical framework. It presents a new approach toward the design of optimal robot excitation trajectories, and formulates the maximum-likelihood estimation
- Optimisation of copper and zinc ions removal from aqueous solution by coal fly ash as an adsorbent (185.63 KB) This paper shows that disposed coal fly ash could be used as an efficient adsorbent material for the removal of metal ions from aqueous solution
- Optimization of Energy Consumption in Sequential Distillation Column (445.22 KB) This paper studies the different heat integration methods in a distillation column which separate Benzene, Toluene, Xylene, and C9+.
- Optimization of Plate Fin Heat Sinks Using Entropy Generation Minimization (143.54 KB) Abstract—The specification and design of heat sinks for electronic applications is not easily accomplished through the use of conventional thermal analysis tools because “optimized†geometric and boundary conditions
- Optimization of the Process of Osmo – Convective Drying of Edible Button Mushrooms using RSB (205.81 KB) Simultaneous effects of temperature, immersion time, salt concentration, sucrose concentration, pressure and convective dryer temperature on the combined osmotic dehydration - convective drying of edible button mushrooms were investigated.
- Optimization of the Wind Power generation unit using Genetic Algorithm (205.81 KB) In this paper,a genetic algorithm based optimization technique for estimation of wind turbine parameters on the basis of requirements of electrical power, rotating speed,&chord area for the given range of wind velocity,blade radius, etc.
- Optimization studies in flame retardant fibre reinforced plastic composites (308.87 KB) The FRP laminates were prepared using hand lay up method and the samples were tested for various properties such as mechanical, thermal, flammability and smoke density tests.
- Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide in a Monolithic Reactor (381.41 KB) The effect of inlet gas temperatures and catalyst loading on carbon monoxide reduction during cold start period in the converter is analysed.
- Parametric Study of Plain Fin and Tube Evaporator Using CO2 as A Refrigerant (854.3 KB) In this paper, the authors present Effectiveness-NTU method of thermal design of a plain-fin and tube evaporator for CO2 air-conditioning system.
- Partial Nitrification in an Airlift Activated Sludge Reactor with Assessments of the pH Gradient (854.72 KB) The partial nitrification was established during the period when NaHCO3 was used as an alkali agent.
- Partitioning Characteristics of Heavy Metals in a Non-Tidal Freshwater Ecosystem (86.1 KB) Partitioning coefficients (Kd) of trace metals between dissolved phase and SPM are generally low, which is typical for fresh water ecosystems and fairly stable over the creek all through the seasons.
- Performance Analysis of Digital Signal Processors Using SMV Benchmark (307.85 KB) In this paper, we use a new benchmark that we recently developed to compare the performance of popular DSP processors from Texas Instruments and StarCore.
- Performance analysis of nickel-coated stainless steel bipolar plates in direct methanol fuel cells (307.85 KB) In this study, computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD / CAM) technology were applied to develop and produce stainless steel bipolar plates for DMFC ). Effect of surface modification on the cell performance of DMFC was investigated.
- Performance modeling of furnace draft air cycle in a thermal power plant (267.38 KB) This paper discusses the performance analysis of the furnace draft air cycle in a thermal power plant. The furnace draft air cycle in a thermal power plant has three main subsystems.
- Performance of Cassava Starch as a Proton Exchange Membrane in a Dual Chambered Microbial Fuel Cell (300.38 KB) This research work shows the feasibility of power generation in a mediatorless dual chambered microbial fuel cell, utilizing cassava starch as the proton exchange membrane (PEM).
- Performance of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (348.66 KB) In the present investigation, the compressive strength, flexural strength and workability of concrete containing varying proportions of glass fiber as replacement of fine aggregate is studied.
- Phase noise of diode laser in self-mixing interference (186.6 KB) We investigate the phase noise of a diode laser based on the interferometric self-mixing effect. A detuned Fabry-Perot cavity converts the phase noise into intensity noise,
- Phosphate Solubilizing of SomeBacterial StrainIsolated from Chemical PesticideExposedAgriculture Soil (550.4 KB) Out of 50 bacterial isolates, 10 isolates showing highest phosphate solubilisation index (SI) ranged from 1.4 – 3.0 were selected for the further study as qualitative as well as quantitative performance.
- Photo-catalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange In Water on CuS-Cu2S Powders (371.46 KB) Nano-CuS powders were synthesized with chemical solution method. XRD and SEM and spectrophotometry were used for characterization of the CuS powders.
- Photocatalytic and Sonophotocatalytic Degradation of Reactive Red 120 using Dye Sensitized TiO2 (351.61 KB) The accelerated sonophotocatalytic degradation of Reactive Red (RR) 120 dye under visible light using dye sensitized TiO2 activated by ultrasound has been carried out.
- Photocatalytic Degradation of Acetaminophen (504.17 KB) The photocatalytic degradation of a common analgesic with titanium dioxide irradiated with low energy ultraviolet light was studied in order to determine the effect of parameters such as catalyst’s weight, photochemical effect.
- Physical Properties of Sodium Nibate (Nanbo3) At Nano Structure (245.51 KB) In this paper a brief account of group theoretical methods of the effect of symmetry on Physical properties of Sodium niobate (NaNbo3) in the nano state are calculated.
- Physico-Chemical Key Parameters, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm, Lagergren Rate Constant Studies (516.56 KB) Equilibrium data were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms whereas the adsorption kinetics data were evaluated by the pseudo-first-order kinetic model.
- Polyaniline Based Materials for Efficient EMI Shielding (278.32 KB) Development of conducting polymers with wonderful electrical and optical properties witnessed significant progress in the last decade. Polyaniline (Pani) has received much attention because of its unique reversible proton doping,
- Potential of Selected Microbial Strains to Degrade the Gasoil of Hydrocarbon Polluted Soil (589.72 KB) The aim of this study is to assess the capability of isolated microorganisms to degrade gas oil fuel.
- Preparation and Bioactivity Evaluation of Bone like Hydroxyapatite - Bioglass Composite (559.7 KB) In this study, hydroxyapatite (HA) composites are prepared on addition of 30%CaO-30%P2O5-40%Na2 O based glass to pure HA, in proportion of 2, 5, and 10 wt %.
- Preparation and Evaluation of New Nanocatalysts for Selective Oxidation of H2S to Sulfur (591.32 KB) Selective oxidation of H2S to elemental sulfur in a fixed bed reactor over newly synthesized alumina nanocatalysts was physio-chemically investigated and results compared with a commercial Claus catalyst.
- Preparation and Properties of Biopolymer from L-Lactide (LL) and ε-Caprolactone (CL) (689.88 KB) The PLA/PCL biodegradable copolyesters were synthesized by bulk ring-opening copolymerization of added Llactide and ε-caprolactone in the presence of toluene, using 1-hexanol as initiator and stannous octoate as catalyst.
- Preparation of Porous Carbon Particles using a Spray-Drying Method with Colloidal Template (1445.92 KB) The result showed that the particles with a good porous structure could be obtained. The pore size and shape (spherical) were identical to the initial template, giving a potential way for further developments.
- Pretreatment of Municipal Wastewater by Enhanced Chemical Coagulation (157.78 KB) In the present investigation, the effect of Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment (CEPT) process was studied on the enhancement efficiency of a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Tehran, Iran.
- Primer Design with Specific PCR Product using Particle Swarm Optimization (329.97 KB) In this paper, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed to solve primer design problems associated with providing a specific product for PCR experiments.
- Production of Pure Ethanol from Azeotropic Solution by Pressure Swing Adsorption (253.03 KB) This paper describes the process of ethanol-water separation in the PSA process was studied. The research included analysis of kinetic and thermodynamic data of ethanol-water adsorption on commercial 3A zeolites.
- Promising Immobilization of Cadmium and Lead inside Ca-rich Glassceramics (547.41 KB) We particularly focused this work on calcium-rich phases embedded in a glassy matrix.
- Properties of SMA Mixtures Containing Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (463.95 KB) This research program is investigating the effects of adding waste PET particles into the asphalt mixture with a maximum size of 2.36 mm. Different percentages of PET were added into the mixture during dry process.
- PyroMon Uncertainty (183 KB) This research paper offers the evaluation of Uncertainty Type A of a temperature scanner used for Pyrogen Test.
- Quantitative Determination of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Onion Leaves (385.85 KB) The high levels of the metals suggest that effluent water irrigated fields could be indicative of bio-accumulation of the metals in the leaves, consequently putting the consumers of this vegetable crop are at health risk.
- Quantum Information Research Supports Consciousness as Information (24.99 KB) The "energy" dominance in physics has made it difficult to develop widely accepted theories of mind that explains consciousness and intention
- Quasi-Harmonic Phonon Dynamics of Potassium Fluoride (242.14 KB) The nature and harmonic properties of these crystals have been extensively studied by several workers with great success but their an harmonic elastic properties have been reported by experimental,theoretical workers.
- Rapid Gas Decompression in Pure Nitrogen using 1D and 3D Transient Mathematical Models (580.39 KB) The paper presents a numerical investigation on the rapid gas decompression in pure nitrogen which is made by using the one-dimensional and three-dimensional mathematical models of transient compressible non-isothermal fluid flow in pipes.
- Recovery of Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr from Plating Sludge by Combined Sulfidation and Oxidation Treatment (940.02 KB) The selective recovery of heavy metals of Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr from a mixed plating sludge by sulfidation and oxidation treatment was targeted in this study.
- Recyclable Rubber Sheets Impregnated with Potassium Oxalate doped TiO2 (1.91 MB) Two potassium oxalate doped TiO2 samples, designated as K1-TiO2 and K2-TiO2, were synthesized by the base-catalyzed sol-gel process.
- Recycling and Reuse of Household Plastics (116.13 KB) The study was conducted in two phases. Phase one involved secondary research such as reviewing of relevant literatures, journals, publications, books, and reports. The second phase involved collection of primary data structured questionnaires.
- Reliability of oxide materials and effect of pollutants (166.88 KB) This paper is devoted to the study of reliability of oxide materials and effect of pollutants. Mass law of mixing for oxide materials has been used for the analysis of the effect of pollutants.
- Removal of Lead and Cadmium Ions From Aqueous Solutions Using Dried Marine Green Macroalga (274.81 KB) In this study Caulerpa racemosa has been characterized and used for the removal of Cd(II) and Pb (II) from aqueous solutions.
- Removal of Malachite Green from Aqueous Solution using Hydrilla verticillata (1363.28 KB) In this study, the sorption of Malachite green (MG) on Hydrilla verticillata biomass, a submerged aquatic plant, was investigated in a batch system.
- Role of Viscosity Ratio in Liquid-Liquid Jets under Radial Electric Field (657.32 KB) The effect of viscosity ratio on stability of axisymmetric (m=0) and asymmetric (m=1) modes of perturbation on a liquid-liquid jet in presence of radial electric field (E0 ), is studied using linear stability analysis.
- Scour around single pile and pile groups subjected to waves and currents (225.51 KB) This paper presents the results of an experimental study of scour around single pile and different configurations of pile groups exposed to waves and currents
- SCR Levels of NOx Reduction with ROFA and Rotamix (SNCR) at Dynegy’s Vermilion Power Station (160.5 KB) NOx was reduced 83% at full load (80 MW) to 0.10 lb/MMBtu using a boosted over-fired air system (ROFA®) and an advanced SNCR system
- Seasonal Variability and Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Ground Water at Azamgarh (310.59 KB) The concentration of calcium was within acceptable limits however, concentration is found higher in post-monsoon samples. The pH is nearly neutral in both samples and hence shows low alkalinity.
- Sediment Quality of Effluent Discharge Channels from Six Industrial Sites in Lagos, Nigeria (105.57 KB) This study was conducted to detect any contamination levels within the sedimentsand possibly determine their sources.
- Sensitivity studies of Sm(III) – Sulphonanilide systems against various bacterial species (418.53 KB) Sensitivity studies of Sm(III) – Sulphonanilide systems against various bacterial species have been carried out with S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli in the present study.
- Significance of nanotechnology for future wireless devices and communications (246.96 KB) This paper reviews the expected wide and profound impact ofnanotechnology for future wireless devices and communication technologies.
- Simulated Laboratory Studies on Dissipation Kinetics of Prochloraz in Water at Different pH levels (164.42 KB) Laboratory degradation studies were performed in water at pH 4.0, 7.0 and 9.2 using Prochloraz (450 EC) formulation at the rates of 1.0 (T1) and 2.0 (T2) μg/mL.
- Smart Foam Liquid Concentrate Solutions (245.74 KB) Cellular concrete has an established and long record of success in construction, manufacturing, and mining applications. This white paper introduces project owners, permit-granting agency staff
- Solar Photo-Fenton Induced Degradation of Chlorpyrifos, Cypermethrin and Chlorothalonil Pesticides (549.85 KB) The feasibility of employing solar radiation for enhanced Fenton process in degradation of combined chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and chlorothalonil pesticides was examined.
- Solvatochromic Shift and Estimation of Dipole Moment of Quinine Sulphate Dication (369.47 KB) Absorption and fluorescence spectra of quinine sulphate (QSD) have been recorded at room temperature in wide range of solvents of different polarities.
- Some novel methods for flow shop scheduling (324.93 KB) The specific goal of this paper is to investigate scheduling heuristics and find the minimum make span. The paper demonstrates the various techniques developed to find the minimum makespan .
- Some Numerical Methods for Temperature and Mass Transfer Simulation on the Dehydration of Herbs (627.76 KB) Advances in herbs based products preservation and technologies are very significant in order to reduce post-harvest losses.
- Sorption of Nickel by Hypnea Valentiae: Application of Response Surface Methodology (1266.51 KB) In this work, sorption of nickel from aqueous solution on hypnea valentiae, red macro algae, was investigated.
- Spectrophotometric determination of Mn (II) ion by Pyridine 2, 6 dicarboxylic acid. (479.44 KB) new Spectrophotomeric method is developed for the determination of Mn (II) in an aqueous solution.
- Statistical and equilibrium studies on biosorption of lead by pongamia pinnata (1868.52 KB) The effectiveness of Pongamia pinnata leaf powder for biosorption of lead from aqueous solutions was investigated.
- Statistical Optimization of Process Variables for Direct Fermentation of 226 White Rose Tapioca Stem to Ethanol (382.25 KB) Direct fermentation of 226 white rose tapioca stem to ethanol by Fusarium oxysporum was studied in a batch reactor.
- Statistical Screening of Medium Components on Ethanol Production from Cashew Apple Juice (373.17 KB) In the present study, effect of critical medium components (a total of fifteen components) on ethanol production from waste cashew apple juice (CAJ) using yeast Saccharomyces diasticus was studied.
- Structural and magnetic studies of cobalt substituted nickel zinc ferrites (446.88 KB) Parts of the sol-gel powder heated at elevated temperatures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Particle size analyser and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to reveal the crystallized single phase structure of the ferrite.
- Studies onBriquetting and Characterization of Coke Oven Sludge (225.53 KB) In the present study experiments were conducted to determine optimum parameters of briquetting like binder content, water content, pressure and temperature of heat treatment .shatter resistance tests were carried out on briquettes.
- Study of Electro-Optical Properties of ZnS Nanoparticles Prepared by Colloidal Particles Method (402.38 KB) ZnS nanoparticles of different size have been synthesized using a colloidal particles method. Zns nanoparticles prepared with capping agent (mercaptoethanol) then were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis spectroscopy.
- Study of ICP-CVD grown Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon thin films in HIT structure (466.16 KB) We have investigated undoped hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) p-type crystalline silicon (c-Si) structures with and without a microcrystalline silicon buffer layer as a potential for hetero-junction (HJ) solar cell.
- Study of Molecular Interactions in Stearates and Triethylene Glycol through Ultrasonic Measurements (381.7 KB) The aim of this work was to find out if there are any structural peculiarities in solutions of stearate and glycol.
- Study of physical properties of nanocrstalline nickel (773.41 KB) The dielectric property of Nanocrystalline nickel is studied. Ni nanocrystal have been synthesized by the thermal decomposition of the Ni (acac)2 [Nickel (acetylacetonate)2], oleylamine complex as a precursor.
- Study on molding of various articles of PVC soles with Methocells (192.88 KB) Various articles of PVC were studied for their lustiness, softness,compatibility, weight, sole length, hardness Shore A,cup depth, sole thickness, heal thickness and cell structures.
- Surveying the Environmental Biology Effects of Esfahan Factories on Zayandehrood Pollution (1040.31 KB) This article tries to study contaminant sources of Zayanderood and their severity, and determine and discuss the share of each of these resources by major industrial centers located in areas.
- Synthesis and characterization of photo cross linkable random copolyesters (1609.55 KB) The thermal phase transitions and thermotropic liquid crystalline (TLC) behaviour of these polymers were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and optical polarizing microscopy (OPM).
- Synthesis characterization and antimicrobial studies of some transition metal (1024.75 KB) A new coordination complexes of Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II), with a new Schiff base 5- chloro-3-phenyl-N1-((2-thioxo 1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-yl) methylene)-1H-indole-2-carbohydrazide have been synthesized and characterized.
- Synthesis of silk fibroin fiber for indoor air particulate removal (656.44 KB) The main objective of this research is to synthesize silk fibroin fiber for indoor air particulate removal.
- Synthesis, characterization of redox-active complexes molybdenum (ii) nitrosyl (1444.02 KB) Characterization of heterobinuclear complexes containing molybdenum(II) nitrosyl metal fragment,Mo(NO)Tp*Cl; Tp*=tris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl) borate to p-functionalized Fe(Salen)Cl by IR, UV, MS,elemental analysis is herein described.
- Technological advancements for waterborne electrostatic painting (140.02 KB) Electrostatically charging paint before it is applied to a grounded work piece is a commonly used method of improving transfer efficiency
- The Effects of Scale on Heat Transfer and Energy (116.79 KB) Optimum efficiency and longevity of air conditioning chillers require an effective water treatment program. Deposit build-up, scale formation, corrosion and microbial growths must be controlled to obtain the equipment's performance
- The Efficiency of Irrigation System & Nitrogen Fixation for inoculated Soybeans by using N15 Tracer Techniques (326.38 KB) Repeated additions of the unfertilized bacteria led to increase the activity of Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root zone with drip irrigation system compared to traditional manual vaccination to increase the proportion of Nitrogen.
- The Heat and Mass Transfer Phenomena in Vacuum Membrane Distillation for Desalination (408.71 KB) In this paper, the results of VMD experiments are used to measure the boundary layer heat transfer coefficient, and the experimental results are used to reevaluate the empirical constants in the Dittus- Boelter equation.
- The Impact Factors of the Environmental Pollution and Workers Health in Printing Industry (328.73 KB) This paper presents the study of parameters affecting the environment protection in the printing industry.
- The Kinetic of Biogas Production Rate from Cattle Manure in Batch Mode (543.62 KB) In this study, the kinetic of biogas production was studied by performing a series laboratory experiment using rumen fluid of animal ruminant as inoculums.
- The Kinetics of Calcination of High Calcium Limestone (91.6 KB) The kinetics of calcination of a high calcium type of limestone was studied in this paper.
- The Relationship of National and International Environmental NGOs in Bangladesh and Their Role (303.61 KB) This paper reports the findings of NGOs and their role in protection of wetlands of Bangladesh.
- The use of diode laser collimators for targeting 3-d objects (496.99 KB) The use of high contrast targeted features in digital close range Photogrammetry is desirable for accurate 3-D measurement. Retro reflective targets are often used because of their unique ability to provide an exceptionally high contrast
- Thermal Effusivity Measurement of Virgin Coconut Oil-Methanol Mixtures using Photoacoustic Technique (200.34 KB) In this paper, the thermal effusivity of virgin coconut oil-methanol mixtures were measured using open photoacoustic cell technique.
- Thermal measurement and modeling of multi-die packages (881.74 KB) Thermal measurement and modeling of multi-die packages with vertical (stacked) and lateral arrangement became a hot topic recently in different fields like RAM chip packaging or LEDs and LED assemblies
- Thermo-chemical Characteristics of Powder Fabricated by Oxidation of Spent PWR Fuel (737.48 KB) Thermochemcial characteristics of powder fabricated using oxidation treatment of spent PWR fuel and SIMFUEL were evaluated for recycling of spent fuel such as DUPIC process.
- Thermodynamic analysis of human heat and mass transfer and their impact on thermal comfort (333.68 KB) In this paper a thermodynamic analysis of human heat and mass transfer based on the 2nd law of thermodynamics in presented.
- Thermogravimetry Study on Pyrolysis of Various Lignocellulosic Biomass for Potential Hydrogen Production (435.89 KB) This paper aims to study decomposition behavior in pyrolytic environment of four lignocellulosic biomass , and two commercial components of biomass , performed in a thermogravimetry analyzer (TGA).
- Towards CO2 Adsorption Enhancement via Polyethyleneimine Impregnation (418.34 KB) In this work, activated carbon (AC) was modified by polyethylenimine (PEI) via impregnation in order to enhance CO2 adsorption capacity.
- Trace Metals Toxicity to the Body Structures of Mullet Liza Klunzingeri (Mugilidae: Perciformes) (589.62 KB) Observation revealed high metal concentrations in scales followed by first dorsal fin and otolith irrespective of the sampling sites.
- Traditional indian herbs cinnamon zeylanicum and its health benefits (1170.4 KB) Test tube studies also show that Cinnamon can augment the action of insulin. However, use of Cinnamon to improve the action of insulin in people with diabetes has yet to be proven in clinical trials.
- Trans-Esterification for Production of Biodiesel from Waste Frying Oil (WFO) (269.51 KB) Transesterification was employed in this study owing to the the advantages comparing with the methods such as pyrolysis, microemulsion, transesterification.
- Transient Heat Transfer Analysis of High Speed Train Disc Brake Systems (469.05 KB) As the maximum speed of bullet trains continues to increase, overheating and thermal deformation/stress on brake systems are going to be critical for emergency stops
- Transmission and Reflection Properties of Composite Double Negative Metamaterials (313.33 KB) We report free space transmission and the first reflection measurements of a composite double negative (DNG) metamaterial,also known as a left-handed material (LHM).
- Treatment of Oily Wastewater From Port Waste Reception Facilities by Electrocoagulation (135.3 KB) The present study investigated oil/water demulsification and treatment of oily wastewater originated from port waste reception facilities by electro coagulation using aluminum electrodes in a batch reactor.
- Treatment of Petroleum Refinery Wastewater by using UASB Reactors (359.59 KB) Two UASB reactors were set up and operated in parallel to evaluate the treatment efficiency of petroleum refinery wastewater.
- Treatment of Remazol Brilliant Blue Dye Effluent by Advanced Photo Oxidation Process in TiO2/UV and H2O2/UV reactors (294.39 KB) This paper investigates the effectiveness of an advanced oxidation process for decolorization of remazol brilliant blue effluent and to determine the optimum conditions for dye removal.
- Treatment of Tannery Wastewater by Various Oxidation and Combined Processes (230.18 KB) A general overview on the prospective of various oxidation and combined processes in the treatment of tannery industry effluent are reported.
- Tubular photo bioreactor for microalgae biodiesel production (192.63 KB) Biodiesel production from algae is a promising technique.In this project Tubular PhotoBioReactor (TPBR) was designed and achieved a ten times increase in algae concentration.
- Used Frying Oil for Biodiesel Production Over Kaolinite as Catalyst (407.19 KB) Biodiesel production with used frying by transesterification reaction with methanol, using a commercial kaolinite thermally-activated solid acid catalyst was investigated.
- Using Artificial Neural Network and Leudeking-Piret Model in the Kinetic Modeling of Microbial Production (507.43 KB) In present study for better understanding of the ability of neural network in modeling of biological processes, microbial production kinetic of PHB by Leudeking-Piret experimental equation was modeled.
- Utilization of Glycerol Derived from Jatropha’s Biodiesel Production as a Cement Grinding Aid (531.04 KB) Results showed that crude glycerol content was 40.19% whereas pure glycerol content was 82.15%. BSS value of the cement with CGA supplementation was higher than that of nonsupplemented cement (blank).
- Waste Lubricating Oil Treatment by Adsorption Process Using Different Adsorbents (331.74 KB) Waste lubricating oil re-refining adsorption process by different adsorbent materials was investigated.
- White Light Interferometry (336.65 KB) White light interferometry is an extremely powerful tool for optical measurements. This paper discussesthe advantages and disadvantages of white light interferometry compared to laser light interferometry
- Wireless Sensor Network Security model using Zero Knowledge Protocol (450.37 KB) Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) offer an excellent opportunity to monitor environments, and have a lot of interesting applications, some of which are quite sensitive in nature and require full proof secured environment.
- Landfill gas recovery, green energy, and the clean development mechanism This paper explains the production and extraction of good quality gas .
- Principle of adsorption cycles for refrigeration or heat pumping This paper explains the four period of absorption.
- A layman’s concept of nanophotonics beyond the diffraction limit This paper explains about the concept of nanophotonics.
- Aerogel, World’s Lightest Material, Aerogel Lighter Than Air, Aerogel Insulation This paper explains about the various properties of aerogel and their interesting facts.
- Analysis and Modeling of Evaporators Using Newton Raphson’s Method (Without Boiling Point Rise) This paper explains about the analysis and modeling of evaporators using newton raphson’s method in detail.
- Applications of dressed photon technology in communication networks and systems This paper explains about the ptical excitation transfer in a crystal mixture.
- Applications of viral nanoparticles This paper explains about the surfactant-based systems and their requirements.
- Approximate Methods For Multicomponent Multistage Separations This paper explains about the various approximate methods.
- Aquaculture This paper explains about the aquaculture in detail.
- Assessment of freshwater pollutionThis paper explains about the assesment of freshwater pollution in detail.
- Basic concepts of nanophotonic devices, nanophotonic systems and nanophotonic fabrication beyond the diffraction limit This paper explains about the basic concepts of nanophotonic devices.
- Biosensors in Nanotechnology This paper explains about the biosensors in nanotechnology in detail.
- Bonding in metallic carbonyls This paper explains about the boinding in metallic carbonyls in detail
- Application of optical near field technology in broadcast interconnects This paper explains about the applications of optical near field technology in broadcast interconnects.
- Capture of fisheries This paper explains about the two types of fin fisheries.
- Centrifugal Pump Characteristic Curve This article describes on Centrifugal Pump Characteristic Curve.
- Challenges in Gene Delivery This paper explains about the e use of biomimetic strategies.
- Characterization of Nanomaterials This paper explains about the characterization of nanomaterials in detail.
- Classification of biosensors based on transducers This paper explains about the different types of biosensors.
- Conversion of Information Diagram into Numerical form This paper explains about the matrix methods.
- Cooling Tower Components This article explains about the Cooling Tower Components.
- Coral taxonomy, coral bleaching, scuba diving and intertidal and underwater coral transplantation This paper explains about the coral taxonomy in detail.
- Deaerators Purpose Principle Types Process Control Advantages This artcile breifs the Process Control and Advantages of Deaerators.
- Different types of nanoparticles for gene delivery This paper explains about the strategies that have been evolved to use biomimetic materials as gene delivery vehicles.
- Distillation This paper explains about the distillation in detail.
- Ecology of plankton This paper explains about the ecology of plankton in detail.
- Electrochemical transducer This paper explains about the electrochemical transducer in detail.
- Empirical Models This paper explains about the empirical models in detail.
- ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY This paper explains about the environmental toxicology in detail.
- Experimental Measurement of Age Distribution Function This paper explains about the experimental measurement of age distribution function in detail.
- Fish diversity and status This paper explains about the fish diversity and status in detail.
- Fish sampling methods in rivers, lakes, reservoirs etc... This paper explains about the terminology and methods describing sampling gear
- Freshwater biotic components This paper explains about the freshwater biotic components in detail.
- General Population Balance This paper explains about the general population balance and their models in detail.
- Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles Bacteria and Fungi This paper explains about the current status of nanoparticle production by microorganisms.
- Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles (Plant metabolites) This paper explains about the methods of making nanoparticles using plant extracts.
- Heat Exchanger Applications in Chemical Industry This article offers the Applications of Heat Exchanger in Chemical Industry.
- Hierarchical information retrieval on employing optical near field technology This paper explains about the hierarchical information retrieval.
- Human aspects on fisheries This paper explains about the human impact on the great barrier reef.
- Immune Recognition Pathways This paper explains about the various pathways leading to complement activation and coagulation pathways.
- Improving Boiler Energy Efficiency This article explains about How to Improve Boiler Energy Efficiency
- Applications of optical near field technology in information security This paper explains about the applications of optical near field technology in information security in detail.
- Input and output terminals used in optical near field technology This paper explains about the input and output terminal in detail.
- Introduced and invasive fish species This paper explains about the invasive fish species.
- Introduction to freshwater ecology This paper explains about the interrelationships between freshwater organisms and their natural environments.
- Introduction to nanoparticles for live cell dynamics This paper explains about the three different categories of nanoparticles and their applications.
- Introduction to smart drug delivery system This paper explains about the different types of smart stimuli responsive systems.
- Introduction to Stealth Nanoparticles This paper explains about the importance of avoiding immune recognition for a drug delivery system.
- Introduction to stem cells This paper explains about the different strategies involved in tissue regeneration.
- Linear vector space This paper explains about the mathematical foundation of quantum mechanics.
- Macroscopic Description This paper explains about the macroscopic description in detail.
- Management and conservation of aquatic biodiversity This paper explains about the conservation of aquatic biodiversity.
- Mathematical modeling of Continuous distillation Column This paper explains about the Partitioning and coupling methods,Global and simultaneous procedures.
- Mathematical Modelling Of Evaporator This paper explains about the mathematical modelling of single effect evaporator.
- Maximum Gradient Description This paper explains about the maximum gradient description in detail
- Maxwell’s equations and their revelations This paper explains about the macroscopic Maxwell’s equations in the differential forms.
- Minimum Stages Calculation For Multicomponent Distillation Column This paper explains about the minimum stages calculation for multicomponent distillation column in detail.
- Minimum Thermal Flow in Centrifugal Pumps This article explains the Minimum Thermal Flow in Centrifugal Pumps.
- Modelling Of Multiple Effect Evaporators With Boiling Point Rise This paper deals with forward,backward and mixed feed.
- Models and their Classification This paper explains about the process analysis models and their classification.
- Models Based on Transport Phenomena This paper explains about the models based on transport phenomena in detail.
- Multicomponent Vapor - Liquid Cascades This paper explains about the multicomponent vapor liquid cascades in detail.
- Multiple Effect Evaporator System This paper explains about the various types of feed arrangement of multiple effect evaporators.
- Nanoparticle synthesis of Fungi This paper explains about the nanoparticle synthesis of fungi by yiests.
- Nanowires This paper explains about the nanowire applications.
- Optical transducer This paper explains about the optical transducer in detail.
- Over fishing and mitigation This paper explains about the fishing and mitigation.
- Parameter Estimation in Different Equation Models: Numerical Methods This paper explains about the parameter estimation in different equation models.
- Parameter Estimation in Theoritical Models This paper explains about the basic principle of parameter estimation.
- Photochemical vapour deposition employing optical near field This paper explains about the photochemical vapour deposition.
- Applications of optical near field technology in photolithography and in repairing surface roughness This paper explains about the smoothing of rough surfaces in various nanophotonic devices irrespective of their surface curvature.
- Physical and chemical properties of metal carbonyl This paper explains about the Physical and chemical properties of metal carbonyl in detail.
- Physical and chemical targeting This paper explains about the chemical targeting, sandwich targeting and magnetic targeting.
- Planning of the calculation for finding recycles This paper deals with planning,recycle,serial and reachability.
- Population Balance Models This paper explains about the population balance models in detail.
- Probablistic Models This paper explains about the probablistic models in detail.
- Quantum Dots This paper explains about the quantum dots in detail.
- Reciprocating Compressor Trips and Safety Aspects This article explains the Reciprocating Compressor Trips and Safety Aspects.
- Sampling techniques in freshwater fish catch This paper explains about the sampling techniques in freshwater fish catch in detail.
- Separation of Multicomponent Mixtures By Use of Conventional Distillation Column with Multiple Stages This paper explains about the separation of multicomponent mixtures.
- Simulation This paper explains about the simulation in detail.
- Specific Speed Pump Design Concept This article describes the concept of specific Speed pump Design.
- The physical concept of diffraction limit This paper explains about the the physical concept of diffraction limit.
- Theoritical Models and Parameter Estimation This paper explains about the procedure for theoretical Process model development.
- Tissue engineering triad This paper explains about the components of the extracellular matrix.
- Types of biosensors This paper explains about the salient features of electrochemical and mass-sensitive
- Ultrasound based targeting This paper explains about the concepts involved in ultrasound targeting.
- Various patterning techniques involved iin the fabrication of responsive system This paper explains about the photo-responsive systems, hybrid nanogel systems and molecular imprinting.
- Various types of transducing elements and their applications in Bio-Nanotechnology This paper explains about the various types of transducing elements and their applications in bio-nanotechnology in detail.
- Cooling Tower Efficiency Calculations This article explains about the Calculations of Cooling Tower Efficiency.
- Desirable Properties of Refrigerants This article breifs on Desirable Properties of Refrigerants.
- Flash Steam Recovery Calculation This artcile affords the Flash Steam Recovery Calculation.
- Catalyst Performance Assessment This article describes on Catalyst Performance Assessment.
- Distillation Process This paper explains about the continuos and the batch distillation.
- Biodiesel This paper explains about the benefits of biodiesel use.
- Enzyme Fermentation This paper explains about the classification of biological process.
- Classification of Reactions This paper explains about the various classification of reactions.
- Overview of Chemical Reaction Engineering This paper explains about the reactor and the typical chemical process.
- Artificial Leaf Solar Power, Artificial Leaf Produce Electricity This paper explains about the importance of photosynthesis and the solar cells.
- Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells (PEFC), Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells This paper explains about the applications and the disadvantages of PEM fuel cell.
- Graphene, Graphene Technology, Graphene The Material Of The Future, Graphene Review, Graphene Properties, Graphene Production This paper explains about the history and the mechanical properties of graphene technology.
- Centrifugal Pump Efficiency Calculation This paper describes the ratio of Hydraulic power delivered by the pump to the brake horsepower supplied to the pump.
- Renewable energy - The best alternative This article breifly explains about different types of renewable energy, including water, geothermal, solar, wind, tidal, and biomass.
- PV Array This article breifs about a photovoltaic array which is a linked collection of photovoltaic modules, which are in turn made of multiple interconnected solar cells.
- BIPV Technology This article explains about Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) are photovoltaic materials that are used to replace conventional building materials in parts of the building envelope such as the roof, skylights, or facades.
- Agar This article briefs about agar in the source and structural unit.
- Alginate This article discusses about the alginate in hydrocolloids and gums.
- Alkaline/Manganese Oxide Batteries This article explains about the alkaline batteries and its structure.
- Alternative Icosahedral Water Cluster Architecture This article discusses about the alternative icosahedral water cluster architecture.
- Alternatives to Aluminium Metallization This article explains about the alternatives to the aluminium metallization.
- Amorphous Ice and Glassy Water This paper details about the properties of amorphous ice and glassy water.
- Anisotropic thermal conductivity This article discusses about the anisotropic thermal conductivity in quartz.
- Anisotropy This article explains about anisotropy and also details us about the light transmitted by an anisotropic material.
- Anomalous properties of water This article explains about the range of anomalous properties of water.
- Aqueous Biphasic Systems This article discusses about the aqueous biphasic systems.
- Arabinoxylan This article discusses about the arabinoxylan in hydrocolloids and gums.
- Assessing Product Reliability This article explains about the accelerating reliability tests, extrapolating data, types of accelerated test.
- Avoiding electromigration problems This article describes us how to avoid electromigration problems.
- Basic Principles of Battery This article explains basic principles of battery while charging and discharging.
- Battery Characteristics This article details about the characteristics of battery.
- β-Glucan This article discusses about the β-glucan in hydrocolloids and gums.
- Bragg′s law This article describes about braggs law and single crystal diffractions.
- Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) This article discusses about the structural unit, molecular structure and functionality of carboxymethylcellulose.
- Carrageenan This article discusses about the carrageenan source and structural unit.
- Cellulose This article discusses about the cellulose in hydrocolloids and gums.
- Classes of Materials This article describes about the classes of material.
- Colligative properties of water This article discusses about the colligative properties of water.
- Confined water This paper explains about the interfacial water and water-gas interfaces.
- Construction of a Pourbaix Diagram This article details us how to construct a pourbaix diagram.
- Crystallinity in Polymers This article describes about the crystallinity in polymers.
- Cubic Ice (Ice Ic and Ice XIc) This paper explains about the cubic ice crystals.
- Curdlan Gum This article discusses about the curdlan gum depends on the source and structural unit.
- Cyclodextrins This articles explains about non-reducing cyclic glucose oligosaccharides cyclodextrins.
- Descaling of Water This article discusses about the descaling of water.
- Dielectric Constant and Polarization This article discusses about the dielectric constant, polarization, polarizability and refractive index.
- Dietary Fiber and Health This article discusses about the dietary fiber and health in hydrocolloids and gums.
- Dislocations This article describes about the introduction to dislocations, buger vector and dislocations in 2D.
- Elasticity in Biological materials : Viscoelasticity and hysteresis This article explains about viscoelasticity and hysteresis in elasticity in biological materials.
- Elasticity in Biological Materials : Aneurysms This article discuss about aneurysms in Elasticity in biological materials.
- Electrolysis of Water This article discuss about the electric, magnetic, electromagnetic, redox effects on water.
- Electromigration This article discuss about the electro migrations which is closely related to corrosion.
- Evidence for Icosahedral Clusters This articles describes about the evidence for icosahedral cluster.
- Explanation of the Density Anomalies of Water (D1-D22) This article explains about the density anomalies of water.
- Explanation of the Material Anomalies of Water (M1-M14) This article explains about the material anomalies of water.
- Explanation of the Phase Anomalies of Water (P1-P12) This article explains about the phase anomalies of water.
- Explanation of the Physical Anomalies of Water (F1-F9) This article explains about the physical anomalies of water.
- Explanation of the Thermodynamic Anomalies of Water (T1-T11) This paper explains about the thermodynamic anomalies of water.
- Failure Due to Humidity This article describes about failures in Corrosion, Electromigration, Moisture absorption.
- Failure Mechanisms in Ceramic Capacitors This article describes the Design and process issues, Handling damage, Causes of flexure damage.
- Ferromagnetic Materials : Curie-Weiss law This article discusses about curie weiss law.
- Ferromagnetic materials: Domain Walls This article explains about the domain walls.
- Ferromagnetic materials : Domains This article describes about magnetostatic energy, magnetostrictive energy, magnetocrystalline energy.
- Flux divergence in Electromigration This article details us about the flux divergence in electromigration briefly.
- Fuel Cells This article describes about the principles of fuel cells and tells us how to build a simple fuel cell.
- FUEL CELLS: Types This article explains the types of fuel cells and the history of the fuel cells.
- Fullerene Hydration This article discusses about the fullerene hydration.
- Gas Clathrates This paper explain about the Cs-I & II and Hs-III gas clathrates
- Gelatin This article discusses about the gelatin in hydrocolloids and gums.
- Gellan Gum This article discusses about the gellan gum in hydrocolloids and gums.
- Grotthuss mechanism This paper explains about the hydroxide ion transport mechanism.
- Guar Gum This article discusses about the guar gum in hydrocolloids and gums.
- Gum Arabic This article discusses about the gum arabic in hydrocolloids and gums.
- Hexagonal Ice (Ice Ih) This paper explains about the physical properties, ice nucleation and growth of hexagonal ice.
- Hofmeister Series This paper explains about the thermodynamic properties effect on physical properties in hofmeister series.
- Hydration, water and health This paper explains about the Water content,Water balance, Water requirements, Water roles and Hydration Water for drinking.
- Hydrocolloid Rheology This article discusses about the hydrocolloid rheology in hydrocolloids and gums.
- Hydrocolloids and gums This article discusses about the hydrocolloids and gums.
- Hydrogen Bonding in Water This paper explains about the water hydrogen bonds, Hydrogen bond cooperativity, Hydrogen bonds and solubility
- Hydrogen bonding in water: Introduction This paper explains about the introduction of hydrogen bonds.
- Hydrogen ions This paper explains about the ionic product hydrogen ions.
- Hydrophobic Hydration This paper explains about the hydrophobic hydration.
- Ice-eight (Ice VIII) This paper explain about the ice eight.
- Ice-eleven (ice XI) This paper explain about the ice eleven.
- Ice-five (Ice V) This paper explain about the ice five.
- Ice-four (Ice IV) This paper explain about the hydrogen-bonded structure in ice-four.
- Ice phases This paper explain about the phase diagram and ice crystal data.
- Ice-seven (Ice VII) This article explain about the ice seven.
- Ice-ten (Ice X) This paper explain about the ice ten.
- Ice-three (Ice III) This paper explain about the ice three.
- Ice-two (Ice II) This paper explain about the ice two.
- Icosahedral Water Cluster Architecture This article discuss about the icosahedral water cluster architecture.
- Interfacial water and water-gas interfaces This paper explain about the surface of water.
- Interpretation of cooling curves This article describes about the Interpretation of cooling curves.
- Intracellular Water This paper explain about the intracellular water.
- Introduction & History of Electromigration This article explains the history and introduction of electromigration.
- Introduction to Deformation Processes This article explains the introduction, hot working and cold working of deformation process.
- Introduction to Elasticity in Biological Materials and Hookean Elasticity This article explains about hookean elasticity briefly.
- Ion Hydration and Aqueous Solutions of Salts This paper explains about the hydration ion and aqueous solutions of salts.
- J-shaped curves This article describes about j-shaped curves in elasticity in biological materials.
- Kosmotropes and Chaotropes This paper explain about the kosmotropes and chaotropes.
- Lead/Acid Batteries This article explains about the lead/acid batteries and structure of it.
- Liquid crystals This article discuss about liquid crystals in anisotrophy.
- Lithium Batteries This article describes about the lithium batteries, its types and its construction and chemistry.
- Locust Bean Gum This article discuss about the locust bean gum in hydrocolloids and gums.
- Magic Number Water Clusters This paper explain about the magic number water clusters.
- Materials for Constructing Bipolar Plates This article explains briefly about the Materials for Constructing Bipolar Plates.
- MCFCs : Electrolyte This article describes the fundamental properties of the most common materials used as electrolytes in MCFCs.
- Metals: the Drude model of electrical conduction This article explains the dude model of electrical conduction and factors affecting electrical conduction.
- Molecular Orbitals for the Water Dimer This paper explain about the molecular orbitals for the water dimer.
- Molecular Orbitals for the Water Pentamer This article explain about the molecular orbitals for the water pentamer.
- Molecular Orbitals for Water This article explain about the unoccupied molecular orbitals of the isolated molecule.
- Molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs) This article describes about MCFCs and its history.
- Molybdenum blue as polyoxomolybdate nanostructures This article discuss about the Molybdenum blue as polyoxomolybdate nanostructures.
- Nanobubbles This paper explain about the nanobubbles.
- Nernst Equation and Pourbaix Diagrams : Introduction and Background This article discuss about the introduction and background in the Nernst Equation and Pourbaix Diagram.
- Nuclear Power Generation : Fuel and Cladding This article about tells about fuel and cladding in nuclear power generation.
- Nucleic Acid Hydration This articles describes about the Nucleic Acid DNA Hydration.
- Observing dislocations & Bubble raft This article describes about the Observing dislocations & Bubble raft.
- Order and disorder – molecular orientation & Position This article deals about the order and disorder of molecular orientation and molecular position in liquid crystals.
- Other Processes in Deformation This article explains process like drawing, stamping, deep drawing and pressing.
- Pectin This article discuss about the pectin in hydrocolloids and gums.
- Phase diagrams and Solidification This article discuss about the phase diagrams and solidifications.
- Phase diagrams and Solidification I : Free Energy curves This article explains about the Free Energy curves in Phase diagrams.
- Photoelasticity This article discuss about the history and define about photoelasticity.
- Polycrystals This article describes about the polycrystals.
- Polyoxomolybdate and Aqueous Nanodrop This article discuss about the Polyoxomolybdate and Aqueous Nanodrop.
- Primary Batteries This article explains the applications, advantages and disadvantages with the propoerites of primary batteries.
- Production and measurement of X-Rays This article describes about the Production and measurement of X-Rays briefly.
- Protein Folding and Denaturation This articles explain about the Protein Folding and Denaturation.
- Protein Hydration This articles explain about the contribution of water to protein structure.
- Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) This article explains PEMFCs construction and its history.
- Raman Scattering This article explains about Raman scattering effect.
- S-Shaped Curves This article describes about s-shaped curves in elasticity of bio-materials.
- Secondary Batteries This article explains about the secondary batteries.
- Self-generation of colligative properties in water This paper explain about the proposal for the generation of osmotic pressure at aqueous interfaces.
- Single Crystals: Mechanical and Optical Properties This article discuss about the properties of single crystals.
- Single Crystals: Shape and Anisotropy This article describes the shapes and anisotrophy of single crystals.
- SOFCs : Electrode materials This article introduces some of the most common materials used as electrodes in SOFCs.
- SOFCs : Electrolyte This article describes the fundamental properties of the most common materials used as electrolytes in SOFCs.
- SOFCs: System and Outlook This article explains the operation of SOFCs.
- Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) This article disuss about the SOFC and its operations.
- Solid solutions This article describes about the solid solutions and olivine.
- Spherical Coordinates of the Icosahedral Water Clusters This article discuss about the spherica coordinates of the icosahedral water clusters.
- Spherulites and optical properties This article describes about the spherulities and optical properties.
- Starch This article discusses about the starch in hydrocolloids and gums.
- Stress patterns in Photoelasticity This article discuss about 3-point bending and 4- point bending stress patterns in photoelasticity.
- Sugar Hydration This articles explain about the Sugar Hydration depends on intra-molecular hydrogen.
- Super Clusters of Water Molecules This article discuss about the super clusters of water molecules.
- The CAF Mechanism This article describes the five stages in the formation of a conductive anodic filament.
- The CO2-Water Cluster This paper explain about the water cluster.
- The Glass Transition in Polymers This article explains briefly the introduvtion and theory of the glass transistion in polymers.
- The Glass Transition in Polymers Theory 2 - Kinetics vs Thermodynamics This article explains briefly about the theory kinetics vs thermodynamics in glass transistion in polymers.
- The Jominy end quench test This article explains the jominy end quench test which is used to measure the hardeneabilty of the steel.
- The lever rule This article explains lever rule in phase diagrams and solidification.
- The Nernst equation This article explains about the nernst equation.
- Theory of Electromigration This article explains the theory of Electromigration.
- Theory of Rubber Conformation This article explains ploymer coils, tangles and cross links with efeects of sun.
- Types of Magnetism This article describes different types of magnetism.
- Uses of Jominy data This article describes the Uses of Jominy data.
- Using other methods in conjunction with electron diffraction This is a brief synopsis of how other methods can be used to help electron diffraction.
- Water Absorption Spectrum This article explain about the water and global warming, absorption spectra of gaseous, liquid and solid water.
- Water Activity This article discuss about the Water Activity.
- Water and life This paper explain about the water and life.
- Water and Microwaves This article discuss about the Water and Microwaves,Dielectric,Complex dielectric, Dielectric spectroscopy.
- Water Cluster Architecture, Based on Gas Clathrates This article discuss about the water cluster depends on gas clathrates.
- Water Cluster Equilibria This article discuss about the water cluster equilibria.
- Water Cluster History This articles describes about the water cluster history.
- Water Clusters: Introduction This articles explain about the Water Clusters Introduction.
- Water Clusters: Overview This articles explain about the Water Clusters Overview in liquid water.
- Water Complex Dielectric and Polarization This article discuss about the Water Complex Dielectric and Polarization.
- Water dissociation and pH This paper explain about the ionic product hydrogenions.
- Water Models This paper explain about the parameterization of the water models.
- Water Molecule Structure This paper explain about the water's molecular vibrations and absorptions, water's lone pairs and water electronic structure.
- Water Molecule Structure: Introduction This paper explain about the introduction of water molecule.
- Water Phase Diagram This paper explain about the phase diagram of water.
- Water Properties (including isotopologues) This paper explain about the ice data and spectral data.
- Water structure: Methods This articles explain about the methods investigating water structure.
- Water Structure and Science This article explain about the water science and its properties.
- Water's Unexpected Properties This paper explains about the pressure and temperature of water.
- What metals can be recycled? with Example This article describes recycling metals and example of recycling aluminium.
- Why are some materials magnetic? This article discuss Why are some materials magnetic?
- Xanthan Gum This article discuss about the xanthan gum in hydrocolloids and gums.
- Zinc/Carbon Batteries This article tells us about Zinc batteries and its structure.
- Zinc/Silver Oxide Batteries This article describes about Zinc batteries and its construction.
- 2D NMR Introduction This paper describes about spin hamiltonian, correlation spectroscopy , nuclear overhauser effect , and 2D NMR spectra.
- A (very) short history of shared-electron bonds This article confers the concept of a shared electron bond and its property of an order is almost 100 years old in modern form.
- Accelerator Mass Spectroscopy This article describes about the Accelerator Mass Spectroscopy, theory, applications and interpretation.
- Acids and Bases This article explains about the Arrhenius Acids and bases , weak acids and bases.
- Advection and diffusion of an instantaneous release This chapter takes things one step further and looks at the simultaneous advection and diffusion of an instantaneous release in a uniform flow.
- An example of an extreme gauche effect: FSSF This paper describes about an extreme gauche effect and optimised scan of the F-S-S-F torsion angle.
- Analytical Chemistry This article explains what is analytical chemistry.
- Analytical Perspective This article describes the analytical approach as there are analytical chemists, it is convenient for our purpose to define it as the five-step process.
- Atomic Force Microscopy This article describes about the modes of operation, contact, friction, adhesion and tapping and also other uses.
- Atomic Mass This article explain about average, relative, accurate and molar mass and applications.
- Atomic Term Symbols This paper explain about the angular momenta of an electron.
- Atomic Theory This article describes dalton'atomic theory. Law of multiple proportions and discovery of the proton.
- Au and Pt π-complexes of cyclobutadiene This paper describes about cyclobutadiene which has many modes for eliminating 4n-electron antiaromaticity and other destabilising influences upon the ring.
- Basic Equipment This article describes the equipment of measuring mass, measuring volume and drying samples.
- Basic Physics of Galvanic Cells This article explains about an overview of electrochemical cell operations, and define basic terminologies frequently used in a discussion of electrochemical cell operations.
- Buffers This article describes about what is buffer and its work nature.
- Capillary Electrophoresis This article explains the theories and methods of Capillary Electrophoresis.
- Carbhohydrates This article explains about the ketoses, Glycosides, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides.
- Carbonates This article describes the introduction and practical applications of carbonates.
- Carboxylic Acids This article describes briefly about the Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids.
- Case Study: Fuel Cells This paper explain about happening inside a fuel cell.
- Case Study: Industrial Electrolysis This paper explain about the Electro-refining.
- Chemical equivalence This paper explain about benzene, acetone, pyruvate and cyclohexane.
- Chemiluminescence This paper explain about peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence primer.
- Coarctate reactions as a third fundamental organic-mechanistic type This paper discusses about the synchronous arrows and colour-coded asynchronous arrows, Relative energy along IRC and RMS gradient norm along IRC.
- Compact Part of the Double Layer This paper briefs about the capacitance of double layergrahame model and Non-equilibrium effects of the compact layer.
- Concentration This article explains molarity, formality, Molality and normality of concentration.
- Conceptual Model of Diffusion This section introduces the concept of molecular diffusion based on the random path of molecules.
- Connection between Ecellcell cell, ΔG, and K This paper discribes about Gibbs Free Energy.
- Conservation of Mass This section discusses the law of conservation of mass within a control volume, expressed in both integral and differential forms.
- Continuous point sources This chapter describes the continuous release of chemicals into a fluid (e.g. smoke released from stacks, groundwater flux into a river, industrial waste streams etc.).
- Coordination Chemistry This article describes introduction and nomenclature of coordination chemistry and complexes.
- Corrosion This paper explain about conditions for corrosion of metals.
- Coulomb Forces This article deals with the introduction and law of graphics of Coulomb force.
- Covalent Network Solids This article describes the structures of giant covalent substances like diamond, graphite and silicon dioxide (silicon(IV) oxide), and relates those structures to the physical properties of the substances.
- Cryobiology and anhydrobiology of cells This paper explain about the low temperatures, cryogenic temperatures and avoiding intracellular ice formation.
- Cyclic Voltammetry This article describes about the instrumentation, applications, Useful Equations for Reversible Systems of cyclic voltammetry.
- Developing the Procedure This article explains develop the procedure to compensating for interferences, to selecting and calibrating equipment, to acquiring a representative sample, and to validating the method.
- Diffusion Controlled Electrode Processes This paper explain about the theory of working electrode and Diffusion Equations.
- Diffusion of an Instantaneous Point Release This article exploring the Gaussian concentration profile that develops after an instantaneous, point release. Several important properties of the Gaussian distribution (and their utility) are emphasized.
- Dissociative Ligand Substitution This article describes reaction kinetics, and encouraging dissociative substitution.
- Electricity and the Waterfall Analogy This paper explain about electrochemistry fundamental properties of electricity.
- Electrochemical Energy Conversion This paper describes about the Galvanic cells convert different forms of energy (chemical fuel, sunlight, mechanical pressure, etc.) into electrical energy and heat and some other examples of galvanic cells.
- Electrochemical Energy Storage This article briefs about the Supercapacitors, Primary Batteries, Secondary Batteries and its basic structures.
- Electrochemistry Basics This paper explain about the Voltaic cells-galvanic cells and cell potential.
- Electrodes This paper explain about the Standard Electrodes.
- Electrolysis This paper explain about electrolytic cell vs voltaic cell.
- Electrolytic Cells This paper explain about differences between a galvanic cell and an electrolytic cell.
- Electromagnetic Radiation This paper explain about waves and their characteristics.
- Electronic Spectroscopy: Application This paper explain about lasers, filters and monochrometers.
- Electronic Spectroscopy: Interpretation This paper explain about temperature and solvent effects, group theory and the transition moment integral.
- Electronic Spectroscopy: Theory This paper explain about Excited States Produces Fluorescence and Phosphorescence.
- Electrophilic Attack on Conjugated Dienes-Kinetic and Thermodynamic Control This article explains the basic reaction, detailed mechanism and kinetic & thermodynamic products and its ratios.
- Electroplating This paper explain about history of electroplating.
- Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry This article explains the advantages and disadvantages of EIMS, Mass analyser, detector, desolvating Capillary.
- Electrostatic Correlations This paper describes about the mean field theory, bjerrum length, correlation functions and ionic liquids.
- Faradaic Reactions in Concentrated Solutions This article explains the Reactions in Concentrated Solutions, Nernst Equation, Butler-Volmer Equation.
- Faradaic Reactions in Dilute Solutions This article briefs the Stochastic Theory of Reaction Rates, Reactions in Dilute Solutions and Standard form of initial and final states.
- Fluorescence This paper explain about luminescence, occurs in gas, liquid or solid chemical systems.
- Freezing point depression and boiling point elevation: the effects of solutes and of pressure This paper describes about the substances melt and boil and the effects of solutes.
- Fuel Cells and Lead-Acid Batteries This paper discusses about Standard PEM fuel cell and Lead-Acid Batteries.
- Full-colour 3D printing of molecular models and orbitals (wavefunctions) This article briefs the full-colour 3D printing of molecular objects, Gaussian style cube files for sources of wavefunctions and Crystal structures as sources of ball&stick models.
- Gluconeogenesis This article describes Gluconeogenesis.
- Heteronuclear Correlations This paper explain about the XHCORR sequence.
- Hexacoordinate hydrogen This article describes about the hexacoordinated hydrogen had a measured 1H NMR chemical shift of 23.2 ppm (very low field), a value normally more associated with a proton rather than a hydride.
- Hidden intermediates in the (acid catalysed) ring opening of propene epoxide This article implies that for acid-catalysed hydrolysis, the fully protonated epoxide is a good model for the subsequent transition state.
- How should one represent the anion of TosMIC? This paper briefly describes about the representation of the anion of TosMIC.
- Hydrides This article explains hydrides and different types of hydrides.
- Impedance of Electrodes This paper explains about the technique where the cell or electrode impedance is platted versus frequency and a function of the frequency of AC source.
- Impedance spectroscopy This article discusses about the AC linear response at frequency ω and two ways of “impedance spectra”.
- Introduction to Elements This article explains the introduction to elements.
- Ion Adsorption and Intercalation This article briefs the Surface adsorption/intercalation of neutral species, Faradaic Reactions during adsorption/intercalation.
- Ion Concentration Polarization This article describes the Nerst-Plank equations, dilute binary electrolyte, Over-Limiting current.
- Ionic and Covalent Bonds This article explains the covalent bonding and bonding in chemistry.
- Ionic Structures This article explains the relationship between the arrangement of the ions in a typical ionic solid like sodium chloride and its physical properties - melting point, boiling point, brittleness, solubility and electrical behavior. It also explains why cesium chloride has a different structure from sodium chloride even though sodium and cesium are both in Group 1 of the Periodic Table.
- Is CLi6 hypervalent? This paper explains about the terminology describes the lithium carbides as effectively hypervalent.
- Is dicarbon (C2) a molecule of chemical interest? This article explains about the interesting theoretical point of view which describes the quadruple bond.
- Jablonski diagram This paper describes about the study of molecular absorbance and emission of light.
- Kinetic vs thermodynamic enolization This article offers the concept of kinetic vs thermodynamic control of a reaction is often taught in the context of the enolisation.
- Larmor Precession This paper describes about spinning top analogy, atomic nuclei as spinning tops.
- Lasers This article describes briefly about types of lasers.
- Lewis concept and Bronsted Concept of Acid and Bases This article describes both concepts of acids and bases in detail.
- Lewis Theory of Bonding This article explains Lewis Theory of Bonding.
- Lipids This article explains briefly about the lipd with phopholipids, fats and oil and fatty acids.
- Macroscopic Conductivity of Composites This article offers the Conductivity of Composite Media, various types of composites.
- MALDI-TOF This article describes about the MALDI schematic and theory, sensitivity and matrix .
- Mass Analyzers This article explains about different types of Mass Analyzers.
- Mass Spectrometry: Isotope Effects This article describes about isotopes, Qualitative peak analysis, and Qunatitative peak analysis.
- Measurements in Analytical Chemistry This article explains the units, uncertainity, significant figures of measurement in analytical chemistry.
- Mechanism of the Boekelheide rearrangement This paper describes about an intrinsic reaction coordinate and rearrangement mechanism.
- Mechanism of the Van Leusen reaction This article briefly explains about a negatively charged atom appears to be attacking another also carrying a negative charge.
- Mechanistic arrow pushing. A proposed addition to its rules This article explains about some interpretations of how to push curly arrows and theoretically oriented colleagues regard the technique as neither useful nor in the least rigorous.
- Membrane Potentials This paper describe the difference in voltage between the inside and outside of a cell.
- Metallic Structures This page describes the structure of metals, and relates that structure to the physical properties of the metal.
- Microscopy This article explains about the different types of microscopy.
- Molecular Structures This article describes how the physical properties of substances having molecular structures varies with the type of intermolecular attractions - hydrogen bonding or van der Waals forces.
- Molecular Term Symbols This paper explain about group theory and symmetry for molecules.
- Molecule-sized pixels This article explains about the concept is to allow a molecule to reach an excited state by photon absorption, but to prevent emission from occurring (which would result in energy transfer to adjacent molecules) by inducing a rapid change in the molecular structure of the excited state.
- Nernst Equation This paper explain about biological application of the nerst equation.
- NMR: Introduction This paper explain about nuclear energy levels.
- NMR: Solid State This paper explain about the NMR hamiltonian.
- NMR: Theory This paper explain about neutron and proton.
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy This paper explain about the proton NMR spectroscopy, chemical shift and signal strength.
- Nucleic Acids This article explains briefly about nucleic acids.
- Oxides This article describes Oxidesand its types.
- Oxidizing and Reducing Agents This paper describing the reactants in redox reactions.
- Patterns of behaviour: serendipity in action for enantiomerisation of F-S-S-Cl This article explains about the energy and gradient norm profiles and the path for decomposing the dimer of SF2 (X=F) to two monomers.
- Penetration & Shielding This article explains about the orbital penetration, shielding, radical distribution graphs and periodic trends.
- Percolation This article briefs about porous electrodes are generally used to maximize interfacial area to facilitate Faradaic reactions between the electron-conducting electrode matrix and the ion-conducting electrolyte.
- Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Application This paper explain about radiation sources and photoelectron instrumentation.
- Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Theory This paper explain about photoelectric effect, Ionization energy and photoelectron instrumentation.
- Polymerization of Conjugated Dienes This article explains Polymerization of 1,3-Butadiene, synthetic rubber and natural rubber.
- Polymers This article explains Polymers and its types also with its molecular weight.
- Porous Electrodes (I. Supercapacitors) This article briefs the Effective Equations for Thin Double Layers, Porous Electrodes, Supercapacitors and the model of transmission line.
- Powder X-ray Diffraction1 This article explains the braggs'law, structural factor, sample folder, detector, and phase analysis.
- Precipitation Reactions This article explains properties,Solubility Rules, Net Ionic Equations and applications.
- Prostaglandins This article explains Prostaglandins structure and functions.
- Proteins and Amino Acids This article describes the natural amino acids, physical properties, and isoelectric point.
- Reaction and interfacial exchange This paper provides the possibility of the diffusing, dispersing, advecting chemical also undergoing chemical reaction.
- Reversible Reactions and Chemical Equilibria This article describes the Reversible Reactions and Chemical Equilibria.
- Rotation in Substituted Ethanes This article explains the Rotation in Substituted Ethanes.
- Sacrificial Anode This paper explain about Cathode Protection.
- Schottky Defect and Structures and Physical Properties of Period 3 Elements This article explains the structures of the Period 3 elements from sodium to argon, and shows how these structures can be used to explain the physical properties of the elements.and Schottky Defect.
- Selecting an Analytical Method This article explains accuracy, sensitivity, precision, specificity, selectivity of analytical method.
- Selection rules and transition moment integral This paper explain about electronic election rules electronic transitions in atoms.
- Six vs ten aromatic electrons? This article explains the Homoaromaticity is a special case of aromaticity in which π-conjugation is interrupted by a single sp3 hybridized carbon atom (it is sometimes referred to as a suspended π-bond with no underlying σ-foundation).
- Soap This article describes soap and its types with action.
- Sphingolipids This article explains Glycolipids and Cerebrosides.
- Standard Reduction Potential This paper explain about potentials experimentally determined and potentials applied.
- Steroids This article describes about streroids briefly.
- Stoichiometric Calculations This article describes a balanced reaction, which gives the stoichiometric relationship between the moles of reactants and the moles of products, provides the basis for many analytical calculations.
- Structure of Organic Molecules This article describes the importance of structure and condensed formulas.
- The basis for differences in chemical shift This paper explain about the chemical shifts of aromatic and vinylic protons.
- The butterfly effect in chemistry: bimodal bond angles This article briefs the representation of a class of Mo-complex ligated by two dithiocarbamate ligands and two aryl nitrene ligands (Ar-N:).
- The butterfly effect in chemistry: Bimodal M~S bonds? This article explains about M-S bond and the restriction that the sulfur has only one atom attached (the metal).
- The Fall of Proton This article explains sources and sinks, levelling effect, Dissociation of acid, titration and strong bases.
- The Fall of the Electron This paper describes about oxidation-reduction reactions.
- The mysterious (aromatic) structure of n-Butyl lithium This article explains about n-Butyl lithium which is hexameric in the solid state and in cyclohexane solutions.
- The NMR experiment This paper explains about the basics of an NMR experiment.
- The origin of the NMR signal This paper describes NMR active nuclei and . Nuclear precession, spin states, and the resonance condition.
- The Power of the Fourier Transform for Spectroscopists This paper explain about fourier series and fourier transform.
- The π-complex theory of metal-alkene compounds This article describes about the theory of the role of π-complexes in (mostly) organic chemistry.
- Thermodynamics and Equilibrium Chemistry This article deals with the study of thermodynamics crosses many disciplines, including physics, engineering, and chemistry.
- Time-resolved vs. Frequency Resolved This paper explain about spectroscopy in both time and frequency domains.
- Transition states for the (base) catalysed ring opening of propene epoxide This paper describes about the mechanism where a strong base is present, modelled by tetramethyl ammonium methoxide (R4N+.-OMe), for the two isomers R=Me; R’=Me, R”=H and R’=H, R”=Me.
- Transport in Porous Media This article explains the neglect convection and electroosmotic flow and Macroscopic conservation of mass.
- Transport of particles This article provides an introduction to the transport of particles that are either more dense (e.g. mineral sediment) or less dense (e.g. bubbles) than the fluid.
- Triglycerides This article describes synthesis and structure of triglycerides.
- Velocity profiles and turbulence Turbulence is a ubiquitous phenomenon in environmental fluid mechanics that dramatically affects flow structure and mixing.
- Vocabulary of Analytical Chemistry This article explains the Analysis, Determination, and Measurement,Techniques, Methods, Procedures, and Protocols and Classifying Analytical Techniques.
- Voltaic Cells This paper explain about the cell voltage/cell potential, half cells and electrodes.
- Water Quality Monitoring: Estimation of Chemical parameters This article estimates the Chemical parameters which is used to monitor the quality of water.
- Water Recycling and Reuse This article explains about the Water recycling which is reusing treated wastewater for beneficial purposes such as agricultural and landscape irrigation, industrial processes, toilet flushing, and replenishing a ground water basin (referred to as ground water recharge).
- Wax This article explains about the wax (a simple lipid).
- Why diphenyl peroxide does not exist This article briefly describes about the features and characteristics of diphenyl peroxide.
- X-ray Crystallography This article explains the X-ray Crystallography.
- Solar Gardens: Clean Energy Within Reach of Low-income Families This article explains about the importance of Sustainable Energy for All, and often the focus is on providing clean energy to those who live in areas outside of existing electricity grids, or in rapidly developing countries with surging power needs.
- Trans-Pacific Flights Produce Most Ozone This article describes about emissions from aircraft overflying part of the Pacific are causing the highest production of ozone, a short-lived greenhouse gas.
- Waste CO2 Could Be Source of Power This article explains about the exhaust CO2 from one cycle of electricity production could be used immediately to deliver another flow of power to the grid.
- Are Cows Climate Killers? This article explains about how to determine the extent of the impact of the livestock industry on the environment.
- Considerable Benefits of Decarbonizing Urban Transport This paper describes about the case of urban transport, evaluating climate change mitigation efforts solely in terms of economic costs could be misleading.
- How Millions of Farmers Are Advancing Agriculture for Themselves This paper descibes about Establishment of healthy plants early and carefully, nurturing their root potential.
- Crunching the Numbers to Preserve Fertile Farmland This article explaiuns about fertile patch of land will remain so in the future depends on the scale of soil erosion.
- Biomimicry: Emulating Nature’s Genius This article explains about that how to stir up a movement of sorts.
- Whatever Happened to Carbon Capture? This article briefly explains about the carbon capture.
- Sustainable Energy for All This article briefs about the importance of shifting to renewable energy and increasing energy efficiency has been advocated by many groups for decades.
- Creative Thinking Aids Freshwater Science Communication This article explains about how to bring freshwater biodiversity into the policy frame through the creation of a global information platform for scientists and ecosystem managers.
- Need a Water Filter? Peel a Tree Branch This article explains about the improvised filter which should trap any bacteria, producing fresh, uncontaminated water.
- Reality of Peak Oil Enters Our Fiction This article explains about reflecting and reinforcing the depth of our general societal/systemic oil-addiction.
- Nuclear Called a Lesser Evil than Fossil Fuels This article expliains about Four prominent climate and energy scientists which are calling on environmentalists to rethink their longstanding opposition to nuclear energy.
- CO2 is Vital Asset for Planet’s Future This article briefs about a menace to the planetary climate.
- Oil Price Volatility on the Way? This article describes about how to Confirm the potential emergence of a long-term rhythmic pattern, oil price variance spiked.
- New Type of Battery Hopeful for Renewable Energy This article explains about two solutions of electro-active compounds are made to flow through electrodes in an electrochemical cell.
- Growing Food in the Desert: Is This the Solution to the World’s Food Crisis? This article explains about the backdrop to an area of coal-fired power stations, lead smelting and mining, the coastal landscape is spiked with saltbush that can live on a trickle of brackish seawater seeping up through the arid soil.
- Pesticides Halve Bees’ Pollen Gathering Ability This article briefly explains about how the neonicotinoid pesticides can harm bees.
- How Things Work: Environmental Satellites This paper describes about the range of environmental uses for satellites goes far beyond weather forecasting and human-made disaster monitoring.
- Agriculture And Food Systems Unsustainable This article explains about how different economic activities currently influence the use of natural resources and the generation of pollution.
- Biodiversity, the World’s Economic Backbone This article explains about the fact that, while pouring money into the financial sector and economic stimulus measures, they have allowed alarming biodiversity declines to occur.
- The Secret is in the Soil This article briefly explains about a Soil which is a living, dynamic matrix that feeds and recycles liquids, gases and solid matter.
- Invasive Aliens Hurting Species Diversity This article lists emerging wildlife diseases (such as avian flu), climate change, the increasing harvest of natural resources by local communities, and the expansion of extractive industries.
- Indigenous Innovation at Vanguard of Climate Change This article discusses and predict the potential impacts of climate change on the world at large — sea-level rise, coastal erosion, more intense storms, increasing avalanches and landslides.
- How Things Work: Geothermal Energy This article briefs about Geothermal resources which have been identified in over 80 countries and approximately 70 of those are making direct use of this energy.
- Fake Trees, Algae Tubes and White Roofs This article briefs about a simple but effective way to curb excessive global warming.
- Cutting Emissions Through Innovation This article briefly explains about how innovation is being implemented, identifying the potential advantages as well as the new challenges.
- Without Predators, Hungry Crabs Kill Saltmarshes This article describes about whether tides were eroding the marshes away, the researchers made chalk blocks and placed them at each site so they could watch how quickly they dissolved.
- Aboriginal People – How to Misunderstand Their Science This article explains about Aboriginal People – How to Misunderstand Their Science.
- Artificial Meat? Food for Thought for 2050 This article explains about the Techno-fixation, water and waste and a major academic assessment of future global food supplies .
- Overgrazing This article describes about Overgrazing is herbivory (animal comsumption of plants) that extracts an unsustainable yield of floral biomass from an ecosystem; however, the term is most often applied to the actions of wild or domesticated ungulates.
- Integrated Farm System Model This article briefs about Livestock production which is complex with a number of interacting processes that include crop and pasture production, crop harvest, feed storage, grazing, feeding, and manure handling.
- Wheat This article briefs about Wheat is an important grain food crop supplying the second highest caloric intake for humans, closely behind rice.
- Nitrate This paper describes about Nitrate which is a polyatomic ion having a molecular formula NO3- and molecular mass of 62.0049 grams per mole.
- Phosphate This article discusses about Phosphate which is an inorganic polyatomic ion whose molecular form is a negatively charged group of onephosphorus and four oxygen atoms.
- Phosphorus This article discusses about Phosphorus which is an element with the symbol P and of atomic number fifteen.
- Phosphorus cycle This paper briefs about the biogeochemical cycle which characterizes the transport and chemical transformation of phosphorus through the geosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere.
- Biogeochemical cycles This article discusses the Biogeochemical cycles are pathways for the transport and transformation of matter within four categorical areas that make up planet Earth (biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and the atmosphere).
- Carbon cycle This article describes about Carbon which is the major chemical constituent of most organic matter, from fossil fuels to the complex molecules (DNA and RNA) that control genetic reproduction in organisms.
- Metal cycle This article explains about a metal cycle for stocks and flows characterizes the entire life cycle of the metal.
- Nitrogen cycle This paper describes the nitrogen cycle represents one of the most important nutrient cycles found in ecosystems.
- Sewage treatment This paper describes about the reduction of contamination in a water pollution effluent, usually considered for the class of liquid wastes comprised by municipal sewage and sometimes admixed by urban stormwater runoff.
- Phosphate rock This paper describes about Phosphate rock which is used for its phosphorus content.
- Biomass conversion into fuels This article explains about a source of renewable energy, is organic biological material such as wood, wood waste, municipal solid waste, straw, sugar cane, algae, and many other byproducts derived from agricultural and forestry production as well as other sources.
- Aflatoxin Contamination This article describes about common phenomenon produced by the fungusAspergillus flavus, acting on food crops consumed in both developing countries.
- Ammonia production This paper describes about how to provide the base anhydrous liquid ammonia used predominantly in fertilizers supplying usable nitrogen for agricultural productivity.
- Algae This article briefs about an algae comprise a diverse group of typically autotrophic organisms, ranging from unicellular to multicellular forms.
- Mutation This paper describes about an alteration of the genomic sequence ofDNA molecules.
- Wind turbine bird mortality This paper briefs a by-product of large scale wind farms, which are increasingly promoted as an alternative to fossil fuel derived energy production.
- Influenza Virus This article describes about how to develop vaccines and drugs against viruses, researchers target specific viral components involved in viral entry and viral budding.
- Virus This article explains about a microscopic organism that can replicate only inside the cells of a host organism.
- Earth's atmospheric air This article explains about The Earth's atmospheric air is a colorless, odorless and tasteless mixture of gases consisting mostly of nitrogen (N2) andoxygen (O2). It is the part of Earth's atmosphere that humans and all other animals breathe in order to obtain the oxygen needed to sustain life.
- Greenhouse gas This article explains about a greenhouse gas is one of several gases that can absorb and emit longwave (infrared) radiation in a planetary atmosphere.
- Biomass This article explains about the term in ecology for the mass of living organisms in a given ecosystem.
- Pollination This article explains about the process that transfers pollen grains, which contain the male gametes (sperm) to where the female gamete(s) are contained within the carpel.
- Counter current exchange This article describes the mechanism by which some property of a fluid, such as heat or a chemical substance, is transferred from one fluid across a semi-permeable membrane or thermally conductive material to another fluid flowing in the opposite direction.
- Coral bleaching This article explains about the reduction of intracellular endosymbionts in living coral reefs either via loss or expulsion of algal pigmentation.
- Diesel Particulate Matter This article explains about a complex mixture of elemental carbon (EC) particles, soluble organic carbon, including 5-ring or higher polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as benzo(a)pyrene, as well as other metallic compounds.
- Climate and economy: dynamically integrated general equilibrium model This article deals with Interdependence, Economic activities affect climate, Climate affects the economy, Adaptive responses and Dynamically Integrated General Equilibrium Model.
- Contemporary evolution This article briefs about whether human induced such as fishing and hunting pressures, toxic chemicals, or natural climatic changes resulting in altered food availability have provided opportunities to observe rapid micro-evolutionary changes in contemporary time, or contemporary evolution.
- Ocean acidification troubles This paper describes about the seas in which corals and other calcifying species dwell are turning acidic, their pH slowly dropping as Earth's oceans acidify in response to increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
- Alpine plants: missing flowering date This article discusses a changing climate, that "hurry-up-and-flower" date is moving ever earlier on the calendar.
- Carbon dioxide milestone in Arctic This paper describes Carbon dioxide (CO2), emitted by fossil fuel combustion and other human activities, is the most significant greenhouse gas contributing to climate change.
- Basic Groundwater Hydrology This article deals with Ground-water hydrology is the subdivision of the science of hydrology that deals with the occurrence, movement, and quality of water beneath the Earth's surface.
- Groundwater inflow This paper describes about the general methodology of computing groundwater balance.
- Groundwater assessment methodology This article describes about Groundwater assessment methodology is vital for understanding the relationship of aquifer dynamics to precipitation and to the characteristics of the land surface of the Earth.
- Hydrologic cycle This article explains a conceptual model that describes the storage and movement of water between the biosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere, and the hydrosphere.
- Water resources This article briefs about Water resources which are used in various ways including direct consumption, agricultural irrigation, fisheries, hydropower, industrial production, recreation, navigation, environmental protection, the disposal and treatment of sewage, and industrial effluents.
- Petroleum crude oil This article explains about a naturally occurring, flammable and usually dark brown or greenish colored liquid found primarily in underground geological formations.
- Liquefied natural gas This paper describes about LNG is natural gas, consisting primarily of methane (CH4), that has been converted into liquid form for ease of transport and storage.
- Natural gas processing This paper briefs Natural gas processing plants are used to purify the rawnatural gas extracted from underground gas fields and brought up to the surface by gas wells.
- Petroleum refining processes This article explains about Petroleum refining processes which are those chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries (also referred to as oil refineries) to transform petroleum crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil and fuel oils.
- Air pollution This article deals with air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or microscopic organisms into theatmosphere; in particular, when concentrations of those substances cause adverse metabolic change to humans or other species.
- Uranium This article explains about a radioactive element that occurs naturally in low concentrations (a few parts per million) in soil, rock, and surface and groundwater.
- Renewable energy This article describes about a Renewable energy sources are those that are naturally available and replenished.
- Heat of combustion This article discusses about the heat of combustion (ΔH c0) is the energy released as heatwhen a substance undergoes complete combustion with oxygen.
- Delayed coking This article explains about Delayed coking is one of the chemical engineering unit processes used in many petroleum refineries.
- Photovoltaics This article explains about the combustion process releases carbon dioxide which can or is changing global climate.
- Catalysis This article describes about a process that uses an outside substance (thecatalyst) to accelerate the rate of a chemical reaction through an uninterrupted and repeated cycle of elementary steps until the last step regenerates the catalyst in its original form.
- Catalytic reforming This article briefs about Catalytic reforming is a chemical process used in petroleum refineries to convert naphthas, typically having low octane ratings, into high-octane liquid products called reformateswhich are components of high-octane gasoline (also known as petrol).
- Platinum This article discusses the name platinum refers to a mineral, an element and a group of elements.
- Methane This article describes about a simple chemical molecule, having the formula CH4. It is the the principal component of natural gas.
- Pressure This article discusses the Pressure (symbol: p) is the force applied over an area in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the area.
- Petrochemicals This article explains about Petrochemicals are chemical products made from thehydrocarbons present in raw natural gas and petroleum crude oil.
- Fossil fuel This article explains about Fossil fuel is any naturally occurring carbon compound found in the Earth's crust that has been produced by anaerobic conditions and high pressures acting on deadorganisms.
- Hydrodesulfurization This article epxlains about a catalytic chemical process widely used to remove sulfur compounds from refined petroleum products such as gasoline or petrol, jet fuel, diesel fuel, and fuel oils.
- Vapor pressure This article briefs about the pressure of a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid or solid phase.
- Thermal pollution This article describes about thermal pollution which is the act of altering the temperature of a natural water body, which may be a river, lake or ocean environment.
- Hydroelectricity This article explains about electricity generated by converting the kinetic energy of falling or flowing water.
- Acceleration This article briefs about an acceleration which is the change in velocity over time.
- Fuel cell Systems This paper describes about a device that electrochemically converts the chemical energy of a fuel and an oxidant to electrical energy.
- Solar power This paper describes about Solar power is any process that generates electricity from the sun's radiation.
- Tellurium This paper decribes about a metallic, silvery-white element. Some even describe its appearance as "very metallic".
- Indium This article explains about a soft, silver-white metallic element. Its atomic number is 49 and its chemical symbol is In.
- Wind power This article describes about the conversion of natural air flow in the Earth's atmosphere to useful mechanical or electrical energy.
- Zinc This article explains about a metallic chemical element, with atomic symbol Znand atomic number 30.
- Molecule This article explains about a stable aggregation of two or moreatoms created via a covalent bond formation by overlapping of electron clouds.
- Heavy metal This paper describes a heavy metal is any one of a number of elements that exhibit metallic properties, which includes transition metals lanthanides actinides as well as the metalloids Arsenic and Antimony.
- Calcium This article explains about the chemical element with atomic number 20; it has an atomic mass of 40.078 atomic mass units (amu).
- Respiration This article explains the respiration is the gas exchange effected by living organisms for the purpose of sustaining vital metabolic processes.
- Nanoparticles This article explains about Nanoparticles are defined by an upper particle size limit of 100 nanometers (or up to 100 billionths of ameter).
- Lithium This article explains about , the lowest density metallic element, is in a group of elements called alkali metals or Group I elements and is silvery-white in color. It has the atomic number of 3.
- Phase transition This article briefs the alteration in state of matter among the four basic recognized aggregative states: solid, liquid, gaseous and plasma.
- Sodium This article explains about a metallic element that is abundant in the Earth's ocean.
- Halocarbon This article describes about an organic chemical molecule composed of at least one carbon atom bound covalently with one or more halogen atoms; the most common halogens in these molecules are fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
- Flue gas desulfurization This article explains about Flue gas desulfurization is commonly known as FGD and is the technology used for removing sulfur dioxide (SO2) from the exhaust combustion flue gases of power plants that burn coal oroil to produce steam for the turbines that drive their electricity generators.
- Large-scale trickle filters This article explains about Large-scale trickle filters are wastewater treatment facilities for biochemically oxidizing biodegradable substances present in municipal or industrial wastewater.
- Chemical reaction This article explains about a process that transforms one set of chemical substances to another.
- Fluid catalytic cracking This article explains about the most important conversion process used in petroleum refineries.
- Molar gas constant This article explains the molar gas constant (also known as the universal or ideal gas constant and designated by the symbol R ) is an important physical constant which appears in many of the fundamental equations inphysics, chemistry and engineering, such as the ideal gas law, other equations of state and the Nernst equation.
- Gas This article briefs about a gas, often also referred to as a vapor, is one of the four major states of matter (after solid and liquid, and followed by plasma) that subsequently appear when a solid material is subjected to increasingly higher temperatures.
- Volatility (chemistry) This article explains about volatility is a term used to characterize the tendency of a substance to vaporize.
- Inorganic chemistry This article explains about Inorganic chemistry is a subdiscipline of chemistry involving the scientific study of the properties andchemical reactions of all chemical elements and chemical compounds other than the vast number of organic compounds (compounds containing at least one carbon-hydrogen covalent bond)
- Boiling point This article describes about the the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the external environmental pressure surrounding the liquid.
- Fossil fuel combustion flue gases This article explains about Fossil fuel combustion flue gases refer to the emissions of combustion product gases resulting from the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas.
- Crystallization This article describes about Crystallization which leads to formation of solid phase in solutions, melts, and gases.
- Temperature This article explains about the temperature which is a measure of the intensity or degree of hotness in a body.
- Hysteresis This article briefs about a phenomenon of past actions constraining subsequent choices.
- Coal This article explains about a carbon-containing rock formed by the debris from the decay of ferns, vines, trees and other plants which flourished in swamps millions of years ago.
- Treatment processes in petroleum refining This article explains about a means by which contaminants such as organic compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen; dissolved metals and inorganic salts; and soluble salts dissolved in emulsified water are removed from petroleum fractions or streams.
- Acid sulfate soils This article discusses about an acid sulfate soils are formed when sulphide-bearing minerals come in contact with air and oxidise.
- Carbon monoxide This paper briefs about a Carbon monoxide (CO), also referred to as carbonous oxide, which is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly lighter than air.
- Organic farming This article explains about a form of agriculture that relies on crop rotation, green manure, compost, biological pest control, and mechanical cultivation to maintain soil productivity and control pests, excluding or strictly limiting the use of synthetic fertilizers and synthetic pesticides, herbicides, plant growth regulators, livestock feed additives, and genetically modified organisms.
- A plea for maintaining nuclear plants considered at risk This article explains about the more carbon will be released to the atmosphere to make up the lost electricity now generated by nuclear energy, given the fact that neither solar or wind energy can even come close to making up the large amount of generating capacity that would be lost.
- EPA Should Subsidize Hardships Caused By Shutdowns of Coal-Fired Power Plants This article explains about the lost generating capacity will be recouped by power plants using natural gas – the only acceptable fuel now that no more nuclear plants are being built and fuel oil is far more expensive with crude oil.
- Nanotechnology Breakthroughs or Conversation Pieces? This article briefs about about a atomic-sized particles able or targeted to do things.
- A possible win-win situation: Carbon capture and EOR This article explains about a large amount of crude oil is left unproduced in the ground in the case of almost every well that has ever been drilled.
- Solar Energy Power Plants coming of age This article explains about the use of photovoltaic solar cells for residential and commercial use has been increasing rapidly as the cost of these cells has dramatically come down.
- Fracking: The more you know This paper describes about the controversies around hydraulic fracturing of shale deposits continue to swirl even as tens of thousands of new wells are being drilled every year in a number of states.
- Material chemistry in hip joint implants This article explains about the Material characteristics for the different parts must meet requirements relating to hardness, structural performance, integrity(i.e. minimal wear due to rubbing), corrosion resistance and chemical antipathy, as minute particles of the materials used enter the body as a result of wear.
- Future Power only from Wind and Sun? The German Experiment This article explains about in a massive effort to build wind farms, with a large proportion.
- Methane hydrates: How important a resource? This article explains about water molecules can trap methane molecules in a crystalline lattice structure.
- Sea water desalination: becoming a reality here This article briefs about the processes employed are either distillation or so-called reverse osmosis, a technology where hydraulic pressure is used to push water through a non-porous membrane, which leaves the salts and other minerals behind.
- High carbon levels: Have we been here before? This article explains about the massive carbon amounts in the atmosphere were responsible for warming the earth.
- Global Warming and GHG: Where are we? This article briefs about how to slow down the emission of carbon dioxide – the key greenhouse gas (GHG)- into the atmosphere.
- Shale gas: huge ammonia turnaround This article explains about a number of domestic producers.
- Biochemicals: Desirable Innovation Model This article deals with how to achieve cost reductions and improve profitability.
- Convential energy sources: the obvious future This article briefs on a huge amount of coal which can be converted to hydrocarbons or chemicals.
- Fuel Cell Vehicles or Battery Electric Vehicles This article explains about the energy source is pure, compressed hydrogen stored in relatively small tanks in the back of the car.
- “Digging deeper” into fracking issues This article explains about the controversies regarding the use of hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling to liberate huge qualitites of natural gas and oil now recoverable from shale formations will not soon go away.
- Ethanol from Natural Gas: An obvious move This article discusses the construction of a large number of so-called Gasohol plants that produce ethanol from corn and up to last year received a subsidy to make this production economically feasible.
- Natural gas: Coming transportation fuel This article discusses about how to address the problem of trucks, Pickens.
- What about algae? This article explains about the fuel from algae is likely to be quite expensive; harvesting is difficult.
- Car Must Become Lighter: A Chemical Opportunity This article explains about how to involve substantial use of graphic fibers and structural composites.
- Quantum Mechanics_caloric theory This article explains about the caloric theory is an obsolete scientific theory that heat consists of a self-repellent fluid called caloric that flows from hotter bodies to colder bodies.
- A Few Insights Regarding Today’s Nuclear Situation This article briefs a few insights into the nuclear electric situation based on recent reports and statistical data.
- Alcohol Powered Micro Fuel Cell This paper deals with an effective micro fuel cell generates electrical energy from hydrogen, ethanol and methanol.
- An Economic Theory of Limited Oil Supply This article explains about a simple problem of supply and demand. Substitution, higher prices, demand destruction, greater efficiency, and increased production of oil at higher prices will save the day.
- Breakthrough In Hydrogen Fuel Production This article describes about how to make sense to use non-renewable natural resources to produce hydrogen.
- Can we expect the economy to keep growing? This article explains about an economic growth seems to be viewed as the “normal” situation to which economies inevitably return.
- Can we invest our way out of an energy shortfall? This article explains about the ideas for solving our energy shortfall.
- Changes Planned to ‘The Oil Drum’ This article describes about Changing External Situation and Internal Organizational Issues.
- Choosing the Correct Aspen Property Package This article describes about Choosing the correct property package which is crucial to solving a problem using Aspen. Without the correct property package, the simulation will not simulate correctly and you will not obtain meaningful results.
- Clean energy won’t save the world! This article explains about Clean energy options which should more properly be called “fossil fuel extenders”. They only work within a system that has fossil fuels.
- Converging Energy Crises – And How our Current Situation Differs from the Past This article explains about how our current situation is different from past collapses.
- Corn-Based Ethanol: Is This a Solution? This article discusses about a whole host of concerns including scalability, impact on the environment, and impact on food prices.
- Cutting greenhouse gases from horticulture This article describes about Cutting down the greenhouse gas emissions from your growing..... and growing your energy resilience.
- Discontinuity Ahead – Oil Limits will Adversely Affect the Economy This article briefs about a substantial chance of a sudden shift toward a less favourable growth pattern.
- Electrochemical Step Towards Hydrogen Storage This article briefs about New membrane with multilayer structure allows — in combination with appropriate measurement techniques — for electrochemical studies on hydrogen permeation rate in reactive metals, including magnesium.
- Energy limits: Is there anything we can do? This article explains about the issue is that the price of oil extraction is too high, additional drilling doesn’t really fix the problem.
- Ethanol From Carbon Monoxide Gas At Room temperature This article describes about an eco-friendly alternative to conventional ethanol production from corn and other crops.
- Farm prices for food items are very high again This article describes about rise in farm prices does not look like it has hit a maximum yet.
- First Pictures of Hydrogen Bonds Unveiled This article explains about Hydrogen bonds are fundamental to the most important molecules in nature.
- General Relativity This paper explains the difference between the terms gravitational mass and inertial mass.
- Growing food, absorbing carbon This article explains about a good summation of the need for and uses of carbon calculators and the major carbon sinks to be found on farms.
- Headed for a lower standard of living? This article explains about a clear tie of oil with standard of living.
- High-Priced Fuel Syndrome This article briefs about Slow economic growth and Huge difficulty in funding retirement programs, programs for disabled, and regular pension plans.
- How Limited Oil Supply can lead to a Continuing Financial Crisis This article explains about world oil supply fails to increase, emerging economies continue to grow rapidly, creating a shortage of oil that acts as a bottleneck for economic growth.
- How much oil will be recoverable? This article explains about a liquid oil trapped in oil shale, oil in very deep water, and oil that in not yet fully formed (still kerosene) in shale oil.
- How Oil Exporters Reach Financial Collapse This article discusses about how high oil prices can bring on financial collapse for oil importers.
- Human population overshoot–what went wrong? This article briefs about the primary reason for the recent human population explosion was that fossil fuels enabled a larger food supply and better medicine, and thus a higher population.
- Humans Seem to Need External Energy This article explains how the evolutionary issues relate to mankind’s need for external energy, such as wood, or gasoline, or electricity.
- Ideal Gases This article states the macroscopic gas laws relating pressure, volume and temperature.
- Inflation, Deflation, or Discontinuity? This article explains about the traditional “peak oil” response to this question has been that oil prices will tend to rise over time.
- Is it really possible to decouple GDP Growth from Energy Growth? Is it really possible to decouple GDP Growth from Energy Growth?
- Is Sustainable Agriculture an Oxymoron? This article explains about the basis of our culture’s split between humans and nature, much disease and poor health, and the origins of dominator hierarchies and the police state.
- Is This a False Alarm? This article briefs about What is the situation with current world oil production and Won’t higher prices result in greater production.
- Kinetics of a Reversible, First-Order, Consecutive Reaction This article explains about the formation of intermediate and how it affects the reaction.
- Limits We are Reaching – Oil, Debt, and Others This article discovers about fire and back before man became intelligent enough to kill off whole species.
- Low Oil Prices Lead to Economic Peak Oil This article briefs about the reason for oil production rises and falls.
- Mechanism and Elementary Reactions This article briefs about Elementary steps which are the broken-down step by step reaction involving formation of intermediate steps.
- Natural Gas: The Squeeze at the Bottom of the Resource Triangle This article describes about a relatively small amount of high quality, inexpensive-to-extract resources.
- New possibilities with Magnetism and Graphene This article explains about how to create elementary magnetic moments in graphene and then switch them on and off.
- New type of microengine using hydrogen and oxygen This paper describes about an internal combustion of hydrogen and oxygen as part of its working cycle.
- Nuclear Physics This article explains how the radii of nuclei can be determined by charged particle scattering experiments.
- Nuclear Reactions Fission And Fusion This article describes and give an example of artificial (induced) transmutation.
- Nuclear Without The Neutrons This article explains about the experimental chamber in which the proton-boron fusion reactions were produced.
- Oil Limits and Climate Change – How They Fit Together This article describes about total anthropogenic carbon emissions modeled for in the scenarios selected.
- Oil Limits and Climate Change This article briefs about a financial collapse brought on by high oil prices and other limits, then, at least in theory, climate change should be less of a problem.
- Oil Prices Lead to Hard Financial Limits This article discusses about a clash between the oil prices importers can afford, and the amount oil exporters require.
- Particle Physics This article Outlines the concepts of particle production and annihilation and apply the conservation laws to these processes.
- Peak Oil Demand is Already a Huge Problem This article explains about A chart of oil consumption shows that oil consumption peaked.
- Poo helps power a green energy revolution This article explains about the gas is used to power turbines on the site, generating clean green electricity, while the digested sludge is transformed into a nutrient-rich soil conditioner for agriculture.
- Protein Storage This article explains about the next-generation optical disc for packaged-media distribution.
- Quantum Fusion: Cavitation Induced Fusion This article discusses about Cavitation-induced fusion process is very simple: a cloud of fuel-filled bubbles is injected in a suitable carrier liquid and the bubbles are made to oscillate via a variable pressure drive.
- Quantum Mechanics chemical potential This article explains about a form of potential energy that can be absorbed or released during a chemical reaction.
- Quantum Mechanics control volume This article discusses about control volume is a mathematical abstraction employed in the process of creating mathematical models of physical processes.
- Quantum Mechanics Enthalpy This article describes about Enthalpy is a defined thermodynamic potential, designated by the letter "H", that consists of the Internal energy of the system (U) plus the product of Pressure (P) and volume (V) of the system.
- Quantum Mechanics Entropy This article explains about the idea of "irreversibility" is central to the understanding of Entropy.
- Quantum Mechanics Gibbs free energy This article deals with a thermodynamic potential that measures the "usefulness" or process-initiating Work obtainable from a thermodynamic system at a constant temperature and pressure (isothermal, Isobaric).
- Quantum Mechanics ideal gas This article describes about an ideal gas is a theoretical gas composed of a set of randomly moving, non-interacting point particles.
- Quantum Mechanics intensive property This paper describes about a physical property of a system that does not depend on the system size or the amount of material in the system.
- Quantum Mechanics irreversible This article describes about a change in the thermodynamic state of a system and all of its surroundings cannot be precisely restored to its initial state by infinitesimal changes in some property of the system without expenditure of energy.
- Quantum Mechanics isothermal process This article briefs about a system is in contact with an outside thermal reservoir (heat bath), and the change occurs slowly enough to allow the system to continually adjust to the temperature of the reservoir through Heat exchange.
- Quantum Mechanics melting point This article explains about the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid at atmospheric pressure.
- Quantum Mechanics molar absorptive This article discusses about a measurement of how strongly a chemical species absorbs light at a given wavelength.
- Quantum Mechanics Real gases This article briefs about the Real gases as opposed to a perfect or Ideal gas exhibit properties that cannot be explained entirely using the Ideal gas law.
- Quantum Mechanics reduced properties This article explains about the reduced properties of a fluid are a set of state variables normalized by the fluid's state properties at its critical point.
- Quantum Mechanics Specific energy This article briefs about Specific energy is energy per unit mass.
- Quantum Mechanics specific volume This article describes the specific volume of a substance is the ratio of the substance's volume to its mass.
- Quantum Mechanics temperature This article explains about a temperature is a numerical measure of hot and cold.
- Quantum Mechanics vapour quality This article describes about Vapour quality is an intensive property which can be used in conjunction with other independent intensive properties to specify the thermodynamic state of the working fluid of thermodynamic system.
- Quantum Mechanics_ gas laws This article outlines the historical development of the laws describing ideal gases.
- Quantum Mechanics_ Viscosity This article describes the viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress.
- Quantum Mechanics_polytropic process This article explains about characterizing expansion and compression processes which include heat transfer.
- Radioactive Decay This article describes alpha, beta and gamma radiation and their properties.
- Reaching financial limits–What kinds of solutions are available? This article explains about how to keep adding new energy to the system, partly to offset entropy and partly to support the growing world population.
- Reaching Limits to Growth: What Should our Response Be? This article discusses about an oil limits seem to be pushing us toward a permanent downturn, including a crash in credit availability, loss of jobs, and even possible government collapse.
- Reaching Oil Limits – New Paradigms are Needed This article explains about an actually debt limits, such as those we seem to be reaching right now, that may bring the whole system to a screeching stop.
- Reasons for our Energy Predicament – An Overview This article explains about Coal and natural gas production is likely to fall at exactly the same time as oil, because the problems are likely to be financial and political ones, not “resources in the ground” problems.
- Reducing emissions from grass based systems This article explains about options for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from grass based production systems.
- Renewable energy incentives for farmers This article discusses about the system of incentives for producing renewable energy.
- Residue Curves Using Aspen This article describes about how the correct property package can impact the residue curves.
- Rotational Spectroscopy This article explains about a pure rotation spectrum can only arise when the molecule possesses a permanent electric dipole moment.
- Second Law And Entropy This article states that heat can be completely converted to work in a single process, but that continuous conversion of heat into work requires a cyclical process and the rejection of some heat.
- Solar-Induced Hybrid Fuel Cell Produces Electricity Directly from Biomass This article explains about the hybrid fuel cell can use a wide variety of biomass sources, including starch, cellulose, lignin – and even switch grass, powdered wood, algae and waste from poultry processing.
- Special Relativity This article States the two postulates of the special theory of relativity.
- Standing Waves This article explains about the formation of standing waves in one dimension and Comparing the standing waves and travelling waves
- Sunlight Generates Hydrogen in New Porous Silicon This article discusses about porous silicon can generate a good amount of hydrogen just from sunlight.
- Ten Reasons Why High Oil Prices are a Problem This article briefs about the new “tight oil” sources of oil which are supposed to grow in supply are still expensive to extract.
- The Atom This article explains a model of the atom that features a small nucleus surrounded by electrons.
- The Boltzmann Equation This article explains about the strength of an absorption line in a stellar spectrum related directly to the abundance of the corresponding element.
- The Connection Between Oil Prices, Debt Levels, and Interest Rates This article briefs about the connection between oil prices, debt levels, interest rates, and total rates of return.
- The Connection of Depressed Wages to High Oil Prices and Limits to Growth This article briefly describes about a resource that is in very high demand, such as oil, it still needs wage-earning customers either to buy the resource directly (for example, as gasoline), or to buy the resource indirectly (for example, as food which uses oil in production and transport).
- The Real Oil Extraction Limit, and How It Affects the Downslope This article briefs about the Climate Change, Limit Based on Geology (“Peak Oil”) and Why “Oil Prices Don’t Rise High Enough” Is the Real Limit.
- The Relativistic Doppler Effect This article explains about how can derive equations which connect the emitted and observed frequencies and wavelengths, in the ordinary, everyday regime.
- The Saha Equation This article explains about the relative populations of a given species of atom: neutral hydrogen is one species, ionized hydrogen is a second, singly-ionized calcium is a third.
- Thermal Concepts This article states that temperature is a property that determines the direction of thermal energy transfer between two bodies in thermal contact.
- Thermal Properties Of Matter This article explains why different substances have different specific heat capacities.
- Thermo notes processes This article states that the first law of thermodynamics is a statement of the principle of energy conservation.
- Thermodynamic Systems And Concepts This article describes the concepts heat, work and internal energy.
- Thoughts on why energy use and CO2 emissions are rising as fast as GDP This article discovers something rather alarming–the fact that in the last decade (2000 to 2010) both world energy consumption and the CO2 emissions from this energy consumption were rising as fast as GDP for the world as a whole.
- True sustainability solutions This article briefs about the price of oil would just go high enough, then renewables would become economic, and our economy would be sustainable.
- Understanding Our Oil-Related Fiscal Cliff This article explains about three approaches other than higher taxes on individuals that might be used to try to fix the problem.
- Vibrational Spectroscopy This article describes about Vibrational spectroscopy can be thought of by starting with a simple harmonic oscillator (SHO) model.
- What is a Sustainable Living Situation for Future Humans? Part 2 This article represents what amounts to necessary and sufficient conditions for life that provides opportunities for all members of the community to achieve self-actualization (and meet all of the lower needs) and is sustainable for an indefinite period (until the environment shifts so badly as to make life difficult or invaders arrive).
- What is Chemistry all about? This article explains about Chemistry is such a broad subject and one so full of detail that it is easy for a newcomer to find it somewhat overwhelming, if not intimidating.
- What Is Peak Oil? This article describes the situation when the amount of oil that can be extracted from the earth in a given year begins to decline because geological limitations are reached.
- Why fixing energy policy is so difficult This article explains about the point is that the oil consumption goes down very quickly, not over a period of many years, because the decline in supply is determined by something quite different from what oil is in the ground–it is determined by ability to pay for the oil.
- Why Natural Gas isn’t Likely to be the World’s Energy Savior This article explains about the benefits of natural gas–how burning it releases less CO2 than oil or coal, and how it burns with few impurities, so does not have the pollution problems of coal.
- Acid-Base Catalysis This article discusses the Acid-Base Catalysis.
- Alcohol Nomenclature and Reactions This article describes theNomenclature and Reactions of alcohol briefly.
- An Introduction to Synthesis This article describes about an introduction to synthesis.
- Annulenes, Barrelene, Aromatic Ions and Antiaromaticity This article explains the Annulenes, Barrelene, Aromatic Ions and Antiaromaticity.
- Atomic and Molecular Orbital This article discusses about the atomic and molecular orbital.
- Benzene and Other Aromatic Compounds This article describes the aromatic, benzene, Fused Benzene Ring Compounds and Factors Required for Aromaticity.
- Carboxylic Acid Derivatives This article explains the background, properties and nomenclature of carboxylic acid derivatives.
- Carboxylic Acid Natural Products This article describes the carboxylic acid natural products and related carbonyl derivatives.
- Carboxylic Acids and its Nomenclature This article explains the carboxylic acids and its nomenclature in detail with structure.
- Charge Distribution and Functional Groups This article discusses about the charge distribution and functional groups.
- Chemical Reactivity This article explains some basic terms, reaction classifcations such as Classification by Structural Change, Classification by Reaction Type and Classification by Functional Group.
- Chemistry of Amines This article describes the Nomenclature and Structure of Amines.
- Chiral Configurations This article explains the Designating the Configuration of Chiral Centers.
- Conformational Enantiomorphism This article describes the conformational enantiomorphism with Conformations of meso-Tartaric Acid and Conformations of Biphenyls.
- Cycloalkane and Conformational Stereoisomers This article discusses the Cycloalkane and Conformational Stereoisomers in detail with its structure.
- Electrophilic Substitution at Nitrogen This article explains the Electrophilic Substitution at Nitrogen as a amine reaction.
- Enantiomorphism This article describes the Enantiomorphism in Stereoisomers II.
- Fischer Projection Formulas This article describes the Fischer Projection Formulas
- Fragmentation Patterns This article discusses about the fragmentation pattern in detail.
- Heterocyclic Compounds This article explains the heterocyclic compounds and its nomenclature in detail.
- Hydrogen Bonding This article discusses the hydrogen bonding with graphical presentation.
- Infrared Spectroscopy This article explains the introduction of the infrared spectroscopy.
- Intermolecular Forces, Boiling and Melting Points This article describes the intermolecular forces, boiling point and melting points of element and compund briefly.
- Irreversible Substitution Reactions of Aldehyde and Ketone This article explains the Ambident Character of Enolate Anions and Alkylation Reactions of Enolate Anions.
- Isomers This article describes the necessary to draw structural formulas for organic compounds because in most cases a molecular formula does not uniquely represent a single compound.
- Mechanisms of Organic Reactions This article discusses the The Arrow Notation in Mechanisms and Reactive Intermediates.
- Meso Compounds This article describes about the Achiral Diastereomers, Formulas Using Other Configurational Notations and Resolution of Racemates.
- Naming Organic Compounds and Alkanes This article explains the naming organic compounds and Alkanes with some examples.
- Nucleophilicity and Basicity Factors in Organic Reactions This article describes the definitions of electrophile and nucleophile and Solvent Effects.
- Optical Activity This article discusses on optical acitvity in Stereoisomers II.
- Oxidation States of Nitrogen This article describes the Oxidation States of Nitrogen.
- Physical Properties and Acidity of Carboxylic Acids This article describes the properties of Carboxylic acids and the acidity of carboxylic acids in detail.
- Polymorphism of a Compound This article explains the polymorphism of a compound with some examples.
- Preparation and Reaction of Carboxylic Acids This article explains the Preparation and Reaction of Carboxylic Acids like Salt Formation, Substitution of the Hydroxyl Hydrogen and Substitution of the Hydroxyl Group.
- Preparation and Reactions of Heterocyclic Compounds I This article explains the Three-Membered Rings and Four-Membered Rings in Heterocyclic Compounds.
- Preparation and Reactions of Heterocyclic Compounds II This article describes the Five-Membered Rings and Six-Membered Rings in Heterocyclic Compounds.
- Preparation of 1º-Amines This article describes the preparation of 1-amines in detail.
- Properties of Amines This article discusses on properties of amunes like Boiling Point and Water Solubility, Basicity of Amines, Acidity of Amines and Important Reagent Bases.
- Reaction Energetics This article explains about the activation energy and reaction rates and kinetics.
- Reaction of Amines with Nitrous Acid This article explains the primary, secondary and aryl amines.
- Reactions at the α-Carbon This article describes the substitution reactions of aldehydes and ketones at an alpha carbon.
- Reactions of Alkanes This article explains the several important reactions that alkanes undergoes such as combustion and halogenation.
- Reactions of Aryl Diazonium Salts This article describes the Reactions of Aryl Diazonium Salts like Substitution with Loss of Nitrogen and Bonding to Nitrogen.
- Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives I This article describes Acyl Group Substitution, which is the reaction of carboxylic acid derivatives.
- Reductions and Oxidations of Carboxylic Acids This article explains the Reductions & Oxidations of Carboxylic Acids in detail.
- Reductions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives This article explains the three kinds of reductions of carboxylic acid derivatives.
- Resonance This article explains the structure of some compounds and ions represented by a single formula.
- Ring Conformations This article describes some conformations of cyclohexane rings and conformational energy profile of cyclohexane.
- Some Polycyclic Heterocycles This article discusses about some polycyclic hetero cycles.
- Spectrometer This article describes the spectrometer with three essential functions of a mass spectrometer and the associated components in detail.
- Stereoisomerism in Disubstituted Cyclohexanes This article discusses the three configurational isomers of 1,2-dichlorocyclohexane and three configurational isomers of 1,3-dichlorocyclohexane.
- Stereoisomers This article describes about the Stereoisomers and Alkene Stereoisomers.
- Stereoisomers Part II This article explains the Stereoisomers Part II with chirality and symmetry.
- Structure and Bonding This article explains the Electron Configurations in the Periodic Table and chemical bonding and valence in detail.
- The Chemistry of Ethers This article discusses the Chemistry, Preparation and Reactions of Ethers.
- The Nature of Mass Spectra This article explains the structure of carbon dioxide, propane and cyclopropane.
- The Shape of Molecules This article explains the shape of the molecule like two dimensional and three dimensional.
- The Variables of Organic Reactions This article describes the Reactants and Reagents, Product Selectivity, Reaction Characteristics and Factors that Influence Reactions.
- Two or More Chiral Centers & Stereogenic Nitrogen This article discusses the compounds having two or more chiral centers and Stereogenic Nitrogen Atoms in detail.
- Visible and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy This article describes the background of the Visible and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy.
- Acid and bases: concepts This article explains the Arrhenius concept and Bronsted-Lowry concept and The proton-donor-acceptor concept.
- Epic ligand survey: metal alkyls - I This article describes defining ligands of organometallic chemistry and alkyls.
- Epic ligand survey: metal alkyls - II This article explains how to explore the synthesis of metal alkyl complexes and how to conquer β-hydride elimination in detail.
- Epic ligand survey: metal alkyls - III This article discusses the major modes of reactivity of metal alkyls.
- Epic ligand survey: Carbenes This article describes the other classes of carbenes, which are all characterized by a metal-carbon double bond.
- Beta Elimination Reactions This article explains that elimination reactions involve the cleavage of a σ bond and formation of a π bond.
- Epic Ligand Survey: N-Heterocyclic Carbenes This article explains the NHC in detail.
- Migratory Insertion: 1,2-Insertions This article discusses to distinguish these fully intramolecular migratory insertions from intermolecular attack of a nucleophile or electrophile on a coordinated π-system ligand.
- Epic Ligand Survey: Phosphines This article describes the tertiary phosphines in detail.
- Epic Ligand Survey: Carbon Monoxide This article explains the general trends first and apply these to reaction intermediates and mechanisms later.
- Epic Ligand Survey: Pi (Π) Systems -I This article discusses the class of dative actor ligands, π systems.
- Epic Ligand Survey: Pi (Π) Systems -II This article describes the Arene or aromatic ligands.
- Epic Ligand Survey: Dative Ligands of N, O, and S This article explains the L-type ligands of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
- Migratory Insertion: Introduction & Co Insertions This article discusses that metal-ligand bond is generally polarized toward the ligand, making it nucleophilic.
- Reductive Elimination: General Ideas This article explains the microscopic reverse of oxidative addition.
- Oxidative Addition: General Ideas This article discusses the difference between the transition metals and the organic elements is the ability of the former to exist in multiple oxidation states.
- Oxidative Addition of Polar Reagents This article explains the oxidative addition of polar agents in detail.
- Oxidative addition of non-polar reagents This article discusses how important are oxidative additions of non-polar reagents
- Acid-Base Neutralization-Salts This article explains the salts and its types.
- Applications of Solubility Product This article discusses the applications of solubility products.
- Buffer Solutions This article describes the General characteristics of a buffer solution and Explanation of buffer action.
- Chemical Equilibria This article describes the reversible reactions and position of equilibruim.
- Chemical Kinetics: Rate of Reaction This article describes the chemical kinetics, factor that affect reaction rate and rate of a reaction.
- Chemistry of Group 16 in P-Block Elements This article describes the chemistry of group 16 in P-block elements
- Chemistry of Group 17, 18 in P-Block Elements This article explains the chemistry of group 17 and 18 in p-block elements.
- Chemistry of P-Block Elements and Group 15 Elements This article explains the chemistry of p-block elements and group 15.
- Common Ion Effect This article explains the common ion effect with examples.
- Coordination Compounds - I This article discusses the co-ordination compounds in detail.
- Coordination Compounds - II This article explains the isomerism and its types with valence bond theory and crystal field theory.
- Factors that affect the position of equilibrium This article discusses the factors that affect the position of equilibrium.
- Haber process and PH scale This article describes the haber process for ammonia, equilibruim in aqueous solutions, pH scale and Ionic product of water.
- Henderson's equation (pH of a buffer) This article discusses the acidic buffer and basic buffer.
- Hydrogenion Concentration-pH Scale This article discusses the pH range for a few common substances.
- Ionic Product of Water This article describes the ionic product of water.
- Isomerism and its types This article discusses the isomerism, Structural isomerism and its types.
- Ligand field theory & frontier molecular orbital theory This article explains the molecular orbital theory of organometallic complexes, LFT and FMO theory.
- Periodic trends of the transition metals This article describes the major periodic trends of the transition metals and discuss a few examples for which these trends can be handy.
- Periodic variations of acidic and basic properties This article explains the Relative Strength of Acids and Bases and Periodic variations of acidic and basic properties.
- Points on Electrochemistry - I This article discusses points on electrochemistry.
- Points on Electrochemistry - II This article describes about the electrochemistry.
- Points on Electrochemistry - III This article explains introduction on electrochemistry.
- Predicting the geometry of organometallic complexes This article explains the Predicting the geometry of organometallic complexes.
- Reaction mechanisms and catalysis This article explains the reaction mechanisms and catalysis in detail.
- Nitrogen containing compounds: nitro benzene This article describes the nitrogen containing compounds with nitrobenzene physical and chemical properties in detail.
- Ostwald’s dilution law This article discusses the Ostwalds dilution law and limitations of Ostwalds dilution law.
- Salt Hydrolysis This article describes the Salt hydrolysis and Salt of a strong acid and a weak base.
- Salt of a strong acid and a strong base This article discusses the salt of a strong acid and strong base.
- Salt of a weak acid and a strong/weak base This article explains the salt of a weak acid and strong base and salt of a weak acid and weak base.
- Solubility Product This article describes the Different Expressions for Solubility Products and Solubility product of a weak electrolyte.
- Stereo isomerism and its types This article explains the stereo isomerism and its types i.e) Geometrical and optical isomerism.
- Strong and weak acids This article explains the strong and weak acids in detail.
- Strong and weak alkalis This article discusses the strong and weak alkalis.
- Tautomerism This article describes the tautomerism and Distinction of tautomerism from resonance.
- Theory of indicators: Ostwald's theory This article explains the theory of indicators with ostwald's theory.
- Theory of indicators: quinonoid theory This article describes the theory of indicators with quinonoid theory.
- Other solids This article describes the other solids, like catalysis, porosity, etc.
- Ionic solids This article discusses the ionic solid made of lattices of alternating ions.
- Additives in lubricating oils This article explains the Friction modifiers, Anti-wear additives and Pour point depressants.
- Adhesive bonding (Introduction) This article explains the Advantages, disadvantages, satges and applications of adhesive bonding.
- Adhesive joints This article describes the design of several joint types at different loading condition.
- Adhesive selection This article explains the adhesive selection and its characteristics.
- Alumina ceramics This article discusses the aluminia ceramics.
- Alumina reinforced engine bearing materials This article explains the Alumina reinforced engine bearing materials.
- Annealing of plastics This article explains the annealing of plastics.
- Application of paints This article discusses the techniques used for applications of paints.
- Background of co2 corrosion This article discusses the CO2 corrosion in detail.
- Bayer process This article explains the Digestion, Clarification, Precipitation and Calcination.
- Biodegradation of oils This article discusses the biodegradation of oils.
- Blow molding This article discusses the three principle techniques of blow molding.
- Carbide ceramics This article describes the Open Porous Silicon Carbides, Dense Silicon Carbides and properties of some silicon carbide ceramics.
- Carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites This article explains the Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) in detail.
- Carbon nanotubes - applications This article explains the carbon nanotubes in composite materials, coatings, electronics, lithium ion batteries and water treatment devices.
- Carbon-carbon composites This article explains the composite materials consisting of a carbon matrix reinforced by carbon fibers.
- Ceramic bearings This article describes the features and applications of ceramic bearings.
- Ceramic matrix composites (introduction) This article discusses the ceramic matrix composites.
- Ceramics in combustion engines This article explains the benefits of ceramics in combustion engines.
- Classification of adhesives This article discusses the General classification of adhesives.
- Classification of carbon materials This article describes the classification of carbon materials.
- Classification of composites This article explains the classification of composites.
- Classification of infiltration methods of ceramic composites fabrication This article explains the Classification of infiltration methods of ceramic composites fabrication.
- Classification of lubricants This article describes the General classification of lubricants, Classification of lubricants by application and additives.
- Classification of paints This article explains the classification of paints by physical type and products by their functions.
- Classification of solvents This article explains the classification of solvents like Molecular structure of solvents, Inorganic solvents and Organic solvents.
- Closed mold fabrication of polymer matrix composites This article explains the closed mold fabrication of polymer matrix composites.
- Combustion, pyrolysis and gasification of scrap tires This article discusses the combustion, pyrolysis and gasification of scrap tyres.
- Composition of paints This article discusses about the binder, solvent, pigment and additives.
- Compression molding of polymers This article explains the compression molding of polymers.
- Compressor oils This article explains the Type of compressor and Properties of some compressor oils.
- Corrosion protection methods This article explains the coatings, corrosion inhibitors and cathodic protection.
- Crystal lattices This article explains the crystal lattices.
- Cutting fluids (coolants) This article explains the Metalworking operations, Benefits of metalworking fluids (coolants),Factors of metalworking, Types of metalworking fluids (coolants).
- Electrical properties of ceramics This article describes the electrical properties of ceramics.
- Engine oils This article describes the Functions of engine oil and Properties of some engine oils.
- Enhancement of adhesion This article explains the enhancement of adhesion.
- Environmental factors This article discusses the external factors that affect how corrosion occurs.
- Estimations of composite materials properties This article explains the Rule of Mixtures.
- Extrusion and injection molding of polymers This article describes the extrusion and molding of polymers.
- Fabrication of ceramic matrix composites by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) This article discusses the Advantages and disadvantages of Chemical Vapor Infiltration (CVI) process.
- Fabrication of ceramic matrix composites by direct oxidation process This article explains Direct Metal Oxidation (DIMOX) - description, process, advantages and disadvantages.
- Fabrication of ceramic matrix composites by liquid phase infiltration This article explains the The methods of fabrication of Ceramic Matrix Composites.
- Fabrication of ceramic matrix composites by liquid silicon infiltration (LSI) This article discusses the Liquid Silicon Infiltration (LSI) - description, process, advantages and disadvantages.
- Fabrication of ceramic matrix composites by sol-gel process This article explains the sol-gel Infiltration - description.
- Fabrication of metal matrix composites by co-deposition This article describes the Fabrication of Metal Matrix Composites by co-deposition.
- Factors affecting the tribological properties of alumina This article discusses the factors affecting tribological properties of aluminia.
- Flexural strength tests of ceramics This article describes the flexural strength tests of ceramics.
- Fluoropolymers This article discusses the general properties and classification of fluoropolymers.
- Fracture toughness tests of ceramics This article explains the two principal stages of the fracture process and fracture mechanisms.
- Frontier MO theory This article discusses the frontier MO theory.
- Fundamentals of adhesive bonding This article will explain the Structure of adhesive joint and Failure of adhesive bonding.
- Gear oils This article explains the Viscosity of gear oils, Designation of gear oils by performance and Types of gear oils.
- Glass transition This article describes the Glass transition vs. crystallization and Effect of structure factors on glass transition temperature.
- Graphite This article explains the Classification of graphite, Graphite structure.
- Graphite manufacturing process This article discusses the process of synthetic graphite manufacturing consists of some principal stages.
- Halogenated solvents This article explains the Properties of some halogenated solvents.
- Hardness tests of ceramics This article discusses the hardness tests of ceramics.
- Hydraulic oils This article describes the Types of hydraulic fluids, Viscosity of hydraulic oils and Properties of some hydraulic oils.
- Hydrocarbon solvents This article discusses the Aliphatic solvents, White spirits (mineral turpentine spirits) and Aromatic solvents.
- Hydrogen This article describes the General information about nitrogen, Extraction (isolation) of nitrogen and Applications of nitrogen.
- In-situ fabrication of metal matrix composites This article explains the different types of Metal Matrix Composites may be prepared by in-situ fabrication method.
- Interphases This article describes the interphases with diagram.
- Intro to gases This article explains the introduction to gases.
- Intro to pressure This article describes the introduction to pressure.
- Introduction to tribology This article explains the introduction to tribology.
- Ion exchange resins This article describes the ion exchange resins.
- Ionic and covalent bonding This article explains the electro negativity, ionic bond and covalent bond.
- Liquid state fabrication of metal matrix composites This article explains the methods of liquid state fabrication of Metal Matrix Composites like Stir Casting, Infiltration, Gas Pressure Infiltration, squeeze Casting Infiltration, Pressure Die Infiltration.
- Machining graphite and carbon This article explains the General guidelines for machining graphite and carbon.
- Machining of ceramics This article explains the methods of ceramics machining.
- Magnetism This article describes the dipoles and magnetic measurements.
- Metal matrix composites (Introduction) This article discusses the introduction to metal matrix composites.
- Methods of shape forming ceramic powders This article describes some techniques are involved in forming ceramic powders into a desired shape.
- MO theory for non-linear molecules This article explains the MO theory for Non-linear molecules.
- Nitride ceramics This article explains the groups of materials relate Nitride ceramics.
- Nitrogen - definition This article explains the General information about nitrogen, Extraction (isolation) of nitrogen and Applications of nitrogen.
- Open mold fabrication of polymer matrix composites This article discusses the open mold fabrication of polymer matrix composites.
- Oxygen This article describes the General information about oxygen, Extraction (isolation) of oxygen and Applications of oxygen.
- Plastics recycling This article explains the types of plastic resins, collection of plastic wastes and recycling.
- Plastics welding This article discusses with different types of plastics welding processes.
- Polymer materials (Introduction) This article discusses the introduction of polymer materials.
- Polymer structure This article explains the polymer structure and some parameters affecting polymer properties.
- Powder coatings This article explains the powder coatings with its advantages and disadvantages.
- Radiation curable coatings This article describes the radiation curable coatings.
- Reinforcing fibers for ceramic composites This article discusses the reinforcing fibers for ceramic composites.
- Self-lubricating ceramic composites This article describes the self lubricating ceramic composites and its examples.
- Silicate ceramics This article discusses the groups of materials relate silicate ceramics.
- Sol-gel process This article discusses the applications and stages of sol-gel Process.
- Solid lubricants This article describes the forms, requirements, characterization and classification of solid lubricants.
- Solid state fabrication of metal matrix composites This article discusses the two principal groups of solid state fabrication of Metal Matrix Composites.
- Spark plasma sintering This article discusses Spark plasma sintering mechanism.
- Strengths of covalent bonds This article discusses the strengths of covalent bonds.
- Structure of ceramic materials This article discusses the structure of ceramics.
- Structure of composites This article discusses the structure of compositesin detail.
- Synthetic diamonds This article discusses the synthetic types and fabrication.
- The co2 corrosion mechanism This article describe sthe mechanism of co2 corrosion.
- Thermal barrier coatings This article explains the construction of thermal barrier coatings.
- Thermal properties of ceramics This article explains the thermal properties of ceramics.
- Thermoforming This article discusses the three thermoforming methods.
- Transfer molding of polymers This article discusses the process involves the steps and transfer molding of polymers.
- Tribology of ceramics This article describes the tribology of ceramics.
- Tribology of polymers This article explains the tribology of polymers, advantages and disadvantages.
- Water-borne paints This article discusses the water-borne paints with its advatages and disadvantages.
- Way lubricants This article discusses the Benefits of way lubricants, ISO Designation of way lubricants and Properties of some way lubricants.
- A layer of metal atoms This article describes the Simple Squares and Hexagonal Layers of metal atoms.
- A network solid: diamond This article explains about the diamond a network solid.
- A study of ionic atoms This article discusses the Electronegativity in the periodic table.
- Absorbance This article explains light interacts with objects.
- Acid-base extraction This article discusses the acid-base extraction.
- Activation and deactivation This article describes a nucleophile in electrophilic aromatic substitution.
- Activation barriers This article describes a sort of energetic hurdle that a reaction must get over.
- Activation of carbonyls This article discusses the Activation of a carbonyl via donation to a proton.
- Addition of neutral nucleophiles This article explains the addition of a neutral nucleophiles.
- Addition of Ylides This article explains the addition of yildes.
- Aliphatic nucleophilic substitution: rate laws This article describes halogen "leaving group" (abbreviated LGp) from a tetrahedral carbon.
- Alkene oxidations This article describes a number of other additions to alkenes that occur via concerted mechanisms.
- Alkene polymerisation This article describes concept that alkenes can be polymerised through a series of electrophilic additions.
- Alkene polymerisation: living cationic methods This article describes frequently undergo 1,2-hydride shifts.
- Aluminosilicates This article discusses the Aluminosilicates are compounds containing oxides of both silicon and aluminum.
- Amino acids and peptides This article discusses the amino-acids and peptides.
- Beta-hydride insertion and elimination This article explains a coordinated organic carbonyl is also electrophilic.
- Biological building blocks: amino acids This article explains the biological building blocks with amino acids.
- Biological reduction This article explains biological reduction in addition to carbonyl.
- Biomolecules: carbohydrates This article discusses the carbohydrates, Mono ,Di- and Polysaccharides.
- Bonding in the hydrogen molecule This article explains the hydrogen molecule.
- Bonds to common heteroatoms: oxygen This article explains the Bonds to Common Heteroatoms like oxygen.
- Building a molecule from pieces This article explains building a molecule from pieces.
- Building metal atoms in three dimensions This article explains the adding a second layer of atoms to a simple square layer.
- Carbon-carbon multiple bonds This article describes C-C multiple bonds in detail.
- Carbon-oxygen double bonds This article discusses the carbon-oxygen double bonds.
- Carbonyls are electrophiles This article discusses the biological chemistry.
- Co binding This article explains the Lewis structure of carbon monoxide.
- Collisions and phase This article explains a reaction rates depend on the energy required (the activation barrier) and the energy available.
- Comparative energies: the ski hill This article explains comparative energies at Carboxyloids.
- Comparing properties of isomers This article describes the different physical and biological properties of isomers.
- Concerted addition to alkenes This article explain about treated with aqueous acids.
- Concerted oxidative addition This article explain more general reaction than polar addition.
- Condensation polymers This article discusses the two different esters and two different alcohols would be in equilibrium.
- Conjugate addition This article discusses the conjugate addition.
- Controversial lewis structures This article explains the controversial lewis structures.
- Coordination chemistry - Introduction This article explains the introduction to the co-ordination chemistry.
- Coordination complexes This article explains the co-ordination complexes in detail.
- Cope and claisen rearrangements This article describes is a reaction of molecule bonding changes in tautomerism.
- Counter ions This article explains the counter ions in detail.
- Coupling reactions in organic synthesis This article describes reductive elimination are key steps in industrial catalysis.
- Detection of unpaired electrons This article explains about the detection of unpaired electrons.
- Diamond lattice drawings This article describes about the diamond lattice drawings in conformational analysis.
- Dipole interactions This article discusses the dipole interactions in detail.
- Directing effects This article explain exerting an effect on the speed of reaction.
- Dissociative mechanism and kinetics This article describes a dissociative reaction.
- E and Z alkene isomers This article discusses the E and Z alkene isomers.
- Effects on basicity This article discusses the effects on basicity.
- Electron counting in transition metal complexes This article explains the reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another during the making and breaking of chemical bonds.
- Elementary reactions This article describes a reaction is a series of steps leading from the starting materials to the products.
- Enolate nucleophiles This article explains the conjugate base of a related carbonyl.
- Enthalpy This article explains the central factor of thermodynamics.
- Entropy This article discusses the entropy in thermodynamics.
- Enzyme kinetics and inhibition This article explain kinetics of reactions involving enzymes are a little bit different from other reactions.
- Experimental evidence for molecular orbital results This article discusses the The molecular orbital picture of dioxygen differs from the Lewis picture.
- Factors affecting bronsted-lowry acidity This article describes the local factors affecting Bronsted-Lowry acidity , Electronegativity & Nuclear Charge and Polarizability.
- Factors affecting bronsted-lowry acidity - II This article explains the distal factors affecting Bronsted-Lowry acidity.
- Factors influencing redox potential This article describes the ions of very late transition metals.
- Fluorescence & phosphorescence This article describes the wavelength of the photon in detail.
- Formation of the electrophile This article describes mechanism of electrophilic aromatic substitution follows two elementary steps.
- Fragmentation This article describes the fragmentation in detail.
- Free energy This article describes the free energy with two of the basic factors of thermodynamics.
- General acidity and basicity This article explains the general acidity and basicity.
- General reactivity patterns This article explains the general reactivity patterns.
- General reactivity patterns - carboxyloids This article discusses the the mechanism of the reaction.
- Glass transition - macromolecules This article discusses the glass transistion macromolecules.
- Historical overview of the atom This article describes the Old Quantum Mechanics: Basic Developments.
- Historical overview of the atom - II This article describes the new Quantum Mechanics.
- How tightly do ligands bind This article discusses how tightly do ligands bind.
- Hydride and alkyl migratory insertions This article discusses the describe the transfer of a ligand from a metal to a carbon monoxide that is also bound to the metal.
- Hydrocarbon spectra This article describes the Hydrocarbon and IR spectrum of hexane.
- Hydrogen bond acceptors This article explains the hydrogen bond acceptors.
- Insertion - introduction This article discusses the class of reactions involving transition metals.
- Interconversion: Going downhill This article discusses how these compounds can be interconverted.
- Intermolecular forces in biology: lipids and lipid aggregates This article explains the intermolecular forces in biology, lipids and lipid aggregates.
- Intermolecular forces in biology: proteins This article discusses the proteins in detail.
- Introduction of oxygen binding and reduction This article explains the oxygen binding and reduction.
- Introduction to carbonyl addition This article discusses introduction to carbonyl addition.
- Introduction to electrophilic aromatic substitution This article describes derivatives of benzene or other compounds with aromatic ring systems.
- Introduction to metals This article explains the introduction to metals.
- Introduction to nitrogen reduction This article explains nitrogen of element in earth atmosphere.
- Introduction to spectroscopy This article explains the spectroscopy in detail.
- Introduction to substitution This article describes the replacement of one ligand in a coordination complex with another ligand.
- Introduction to thermodynamics This article describes the introduction to thermodynamics.
- IR spectroscopy This article explains some subtle points of IR spectroscopy.
- Isotopomers This article explains the Isotopomers in detail.
- Kinetic-molecular theory This article explains the kinetic molecular theory in detail.
- Leaving group formation This article describes the low natural occurrence of alkyl halides.
- Lewis acid-base complexes This article describes the lewis acid-base complexes.
- Lewis acids This article explains the lewis acids in detail.
- Lewis and formal charges This article explains the lewis structures and formal bonding.
- Lewis bases This article discusses the concept of lewis bases.
- Lewis structures and multiple bonding This article explains the lewis structures and multiple bonding.
- Lewis structures and polyatomic molecules This article discusses the lewis structures and polyatomic molecules.
- Lewis structures of molecules This article describes a model for covalent bonding.
- Ligand field theory This article explains ligand field theory in detail.
- Line drawings of molecule This article describes the line drawings of molecule.
- Living radical polymerisation This article explains the chain polymerisation reactions.
- Macromolecular structures: alpha-helices This article discusses the macromolecular structures : Alpha helices.
- Macromolecules This article describes the macromolecules in detail.
- Magnetic measurements This article explain the properties of metal ions in biology.
- Mass spectrometry This article explains Mass spectrum of hexane.
- Mechanism of electrophilic aromatic substitution This article describes a bromine atom can replace one of the hydrogen atoms on the benzene.
- Metal oxos This article explains reactivity is characteristic of radicals.
- Mixtures that don't mix This article discusses the mixtures that don’t mix.
- Model studies for nitrogen binding This article describes the chemists routinely run reactions under an atmosphere.
- Molecular modeling This article discusses molecular modeling.
- Molecular orbital picture of carbonyls This article describes the Frontier orbitals in a carbonyl compound.
- Molecular orbitals This article explains the nature of the chemical bond.
- Molecular weight: even or odd? This article discusses the molecular weight with even or odd.
- More complicated spectra This article describes the more complicated spectra.
- Morphology and microphase separation This article discusses the morphology and microphase separation.
- Nucleic acids This article explains the nucleic acids in detail.
- Olefin metathesis This article explains the process in petroleum refining by using Olefin metathesis.
- Optical resolution – stereochemistry This article explains the optical resolution in stereochemistry.
- Optical rotation and enantiomeric purity This article explains the optical rotation and enantiometric purity.
- Orbital mixing This article discusses another Complication in HF: Orbital mixing.
- Organic oxidation This article discusses the organic oxidation.
- Other forms of carbon This article describes the other forms include graphite, lonsdaleite and fullerenes.
- Other geometries in molecules This article discusses common geometries of carbon atoms in molecules.
- Outer sphere electron transfer This article describes the electron get from one metal to another.
- Oxygen binding This article explain small organisms can get enough oxygen passively from their surroundings.
- Oxygen reduction This article explain molecular oxygen is exploited in a variety of ways in biology.
- pH and buffers - definition This article describes the definition of pH and buffers.
- Physical properties This article explains the physical propeties of the ions.
- Pi bonding with p orbitals This article discusses the Pi bonding with p orbitals.
- Pi coordination: donation from alkenes This article describes the Pi co-ordination , donation from alkenes.
- Polymer architecture This article explains the architecture of polymer.
- Polymer synthesis - macromolecules This article explains the polymer synthesis of macro molecules.
- Populating the molecular orbitals This article explains the populating the molecular orbitals.
- Proton as a common lewis acid This article discusses the proton as a common lewis acid.
- Proton donor strength: PKA This article discusses how tightly protons are bound to different compounds.
- Proton transfer This article explains the Proton Transfer from One Basic Site to Another.
- Proton transfer in carbonyl addition This article discusses proton transfer in carbonyl addition.
- Purification of molecular compounds This article discusses the purification of molecular compounds.
- Radical addition This article explains about the alkenes using radical reaction.
- Radical initiation: bond homolysis This article describes the radicals form of covalent bond.
- Radical initiation: single electron transfer This article describes redox reactions involved by single electrons.
- Radical polymerisation This article explains production of macromolecules.
- Radical substitution This article discusses the couple of classic reactions based on radical chemistry.
- Radical termination This article discusses the lead to chain reactions by using radical termination.
- Rate laws This article describes measure either the concentration of the reactants or the products.
- Reaction overview This article describes general term for the insertion of a metal between two atoms that were previously bonded together.
- Reaction rates This article describes the reaction rate is the progress of the reaction over time.
- Recrystallization This article describes how to purify the solids.
- Reduction potential This article explain two common metals in biology.
- Reduction potential and energy levels This article explain reduction of protons in a standard hydrogen electrode.
- Regiochemistry This article explains about regiochemistry in detail.
- Regiochemistry in Elimination This article describes alkene stability is influenced by degree of substitution of the double bond.
- Relative conditions and PKA This article explains the relative conditions and pka.
- Relative reactivity of carbonyls This article explains the relative reactivity of carbonyls.
- Reversibility of the dative bond This article discusses about the Reversibility of the Dative Bond with formation.
- Rules of absorbance This article explains about the rule of photon absorbance.
- Semi-anionic nucleophiles This article explains the semi-anionic nucleophiles with its periodic tables of element.
- Sigma bonding with p orbitals This article describes the sigma bonding with p orbitals.
- Silicates and silica This article explains the silicates and silica.
- Solubility of ionic compound This article discusses the solubility of ionic compound.
- Solvent partitioning This article explains the solvent partioning.
- Stereochemistry This article explains a measuring rates of reaction and deducing the rate law.
- Structure and bronsted-lowry acidity This article explains the relationship between Structure and Bronsted-Lowry Acidity.
- Structure and reactivity the atom This article discusses the AT1 from Democritus to the 19th Century.
- Structure-property relationships This article describes the Changes of state in structure-property relationships.
- Sugars: pyranose and furanose forms This article explains the sugars, pyranose and furanose forms.
- Summary of elementary steps This article explains the different elementary reactions.
- Supramolecular assemblies This article explains different types of large structures, related to macromolecules.
- Symmetry and mixing This article explains the symmetry and mixing in detail.
- The anomeric center This article discusses the anomeric center in detail.
- The aufbau process This article explains the aufbau process in detail.
- The direction of proton transfer This article explains the direction of proton transfer.
- The mass spectrometry experiment This article discusses the mass spectrometry experiment in detail.
- The need for resonance structures This article discusses the need for resonance structures.
- The periodic table and periodic trends in atom This article discusses the periodic table and trends in atom.
- The polarimetry experiment This article discusses the polarimetry experiment.
- Towed uphill This article explains the two most common methods of making acid chlorides are treatment with thionyl chloride or with oxalyl chloride.
- Viscosity of macromolecules This article explains the viscosity of macromolecules.
- When different atoms bond together This article describes the Two different atoms from the main group often bond together to make diatomic molecules.
- Which bonds are ionic and which are covalent? This article explains which bonds are ionic and covalent?
- Why do molecules matter? This article explains the introduction to molecules.
- Reduction & oxidation reactions - cyclic voltammetry This article describes measuring the reduction potential of a species in solution.
- 3 Things You Must Do To Get Better Performance of Refractories This article discusses the better performance of refractories.
- A review on alumina - chrome This article describes the chrome and silica refractories along with their binary phase diagrams.
- Alkali Resistance (AR) of Refractory Lining Materials This article discusses the refractory lining materials such as bricks and castables.
- Apparent Porosity and True Porosity This article describes difference between the apparent porosity and the true porosity.
- Beneficiation of China Clay This article describes the china clay is an important raw material for many industries.
- Blast Furnace Trough Materials (Trough Mix) This article discusses the different components in the blast furnace through mix.
- Dissolution Kinetics of Mgo-Cao and Mgo-Cr2o3 (Mag-Chrome) Refractories in Secondary Steel Slag and the Binary Phase Diagrams This article describes the Dissolution kinetics of refractory oxides in detail.
- How effective are insulating refractory (ceramic) fibers? This article describes the refractory fiber materials are basically high temperature fiberglass materials.
- Insulating Refractories -I This article discusses the insulating refractories in detail.
- Kyanite - properties and Indian occurrences This article explains hoe to reduce your electricity bill by conserving energy.
- Magnesia Carbon Refractory Bricks: Granulometry This article discusses about the granulometry.
- Manipulating the Test Results of Apparent Porosity This article describes the type of refractory brick in the physical properties.
- Mullite and Other Alumino-Silicate This article explains the aluminosilicate or alumino-silicate minerals.
- Refractory Bricks – Shapes and Sizes This article explains the numerous shapes and sizes of refractory bricks.
- Refractory Resistance to Carbon Monoxide (CO) Disintegration Attack This article explains the test of resistance to CO.
- Sampling Of the Refractory Specimen for Inspection This article explains the sampling and its important function of inspection.
- Some Basic Guidelines for Laying Refractory Brickwork or Lining This article discusses the laying refractory brickwork and the lining.
- The Function of a Furnace and Kiln Used In Ceramic and Other Industries This article explains the non-metallic materials such as in the ceramic, cement, lime industries etc.
- The Functions of Silica Fume (Microsilica) and Other Ultrafine or Microfine Additives in Refractory Castables This article explains the formulation of monolithics in using by refractory aggregates.
- Types of testing of refractories This article discusses the concerns all manufacturers and users about the functions of refractories.
- Use of Kyanite as Refractory Raw Material This article explains the uses of kynaite as a refractory raw material.
- [14]- and [16] annulene structures This article discusses equivalence of all of the protons implicates rapid conformational changes and bond shifting.
- [36]-Annulene This article describes the isolated by crystallization out of different solvents.
- [6+4] and [4+2] Cycloadditions: unusual potential energy surfaces This article explains the substantial theoretical study of potential [6+4]-cycloaddition reactions.
- 1,1,1-trichloroethane This article explains the overview, uses, health and environmental effects of 1,1,1-tricholoroethane.
- 1-Adamantyl cation – predicting its nmr spectra This article explains the order to compute very accurate NMR chemical shifts.
- 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid This article discusses the 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid.
- 2,4-dichlorophenoxy (2,4-d) This article describes the 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy (2,4-D).
- A modified sn2 mechanism This article discusses the molecular beam imagining on the reaction.
- A planar cyclooctatetraene This article explains the both paratropic and diatropic ring currents are attenuated in both molecules.
- A small dose of solvents This article explains the introduction and history of solvents.
- A small dose of solvents - II This article describes the biological properties and health effects of solvents.
- A study on benzene This article explains study on benzene in detail.
- A study on DDT This article explains Environmental and Health Effects, uses and Chemical Description of DDT.
- A study on mercury This article discusses the study on mercury.
- A study on pvc This article explains the study on PVC with its chemical founds and lifecycle of pollution.
- Acidity of lithium acetylide This article discusses the computational and experimental evaluation of the acidity of lithium acetylide.
- Acidity of remote protons This article explains the α-proton of ketones and aldehydes are acidic.
- Acrylic acid This article discusses the history and toxicity of acrylic acid.
- Amino acid acidity This article discusses the quadrupole ion trap with electrospray ionization.
- Amino acid-catalyzed aldol and michael reactions This article discusses the reactions using variations upon the classic proline-catalyzed aldol reaction.
- Anthracyclines This article describes the varieties, derivatives and mechanism of action of Anthracyclines.
- Anthracyclines - side effects and late effects This article explains the side effects and late effects of anthracyclines.
- Arginine: water cluster This article describes the zwitterionic structure more energetically favorable than the neutral form.
- Arsenic poisoning This article discusses the arsenic poisoning in detail.
- Arylcarbenes This article describes the computations on the singlet-triplet gap of arylcarbenes.
- Asbestos This article discusses the asbestos in detail.
- Azinphos-methyl This article explains the azinphos - methyl in detail.
- Bensulide This article discusses the bensulide in detail.
- Bergman cyclization and [10] annulenes This article discusses the preparation of the decapropyl analogue of the per-ethynylated corrannulene.
- Biological properties and health effects of arsenic This article explains the Biological Properties and Health Effects of Arsenic.
- Biological properties of lead This article explains the biological Properties of Lead.
- Bisphenol-A This article explains the bisphenol in detail.
- Cadmium This article explains the cadmium in detail.
- Caffeine This article discusses the caffeine in detail.
- Carbaryl This article explains the carbaryl.
- Carbene insertions This article explains the potential energy surface where dynamics may be active.
- Carbofuran This article explains the potential energy surface where dynamics may be active.
- Carbon disulphide This article discusses the carbon di sulphide.
- Carbophenothion This article discusses the carbophenothion in detail.
- Catalyzing the keto-enol tautomerization This article explains the Proton and hydrogen transfers can be catalyzed by many things.
- Chiral aromatics This article describes the phenanthrene and pyrene in the all planar aromatic compounds.
- Chiral nanohoops This article discusses the component macrocycles, often called nanohoops.
- Chlordane This article explains the chlordane briefly.
- Chlorinated paraffins This article discusses the uses, chemical description and health effects of chlorinated parraffins.
- Chlorine This article describes the history, uses and mechanism of action in chlorine.
- Chlorobenzylidene-malononitrile This article explains chlorobenzylidene-malononitrile in detail.
- Computation-aided structure determination This article discusses the relationship between the hydrogen on the bridgehead carbon (C9) and the hydroxymethyl group.
- Computationally handling ion pairs This article explains the ion pair in the gas phase invariably leads to recombination
- Computed kinetic isotope effects This article describes the mechanisms without changing the potential energy surface.
- Conformations of ephedrine This article explains the C-C bond and the orientation of the methyl group on the nitrogen.
- Conformers of alanine This article describes the transition state for reactions at the substrate of corranulene.
- Corannulene bowl inversion inside a host This article describes the transition state for reactions at the substrate of corranulene.
- Coumaphos This article discusses the coumaphos in detail.
- Cyclization of enyne allenes This article describes the locate no transition state that connects the reactant to the diradical.
- Cycloadditions of cyclodienes with ketenes This article discusses the ketenes that suggest the occurrence of dynamic effects.
- Cyclohexanol This article discusses the uses, chemical description and health effects of cyclohexanol.
- Cyclopentyne-alkene cycloadditions This article describes the reaction of cyclopentyne with alkenes.
- Cysteine conformations revisited This article describes the fourier transform microwave spectroscopy experiment.
- Cysteine conformers This article discusses the computed 11 low energy conformations of cysteine.
- Deltamethrin This article discusses the deltamethrin and its overview and uses.
- Dendralenes This article discusses the comprising thearomatic and antiaromatic annulenes.
- Designing a diels-alderase This article describes the hydrogen bond acceptor of the carbamide proton.
- Desymmetrization of symmetric structures by isotopic labelling This article discusses the symmetrical structure and the equilibrating structures.
- Dewar benzene This article describes the Dewar benzene into benzene is the symmetry-forbidden disrotatory path.
- Dft performance with nucleic acid base pairs This article discusses the nucleic acid base pairs from the JSCH-2005 database.
- Diacetyl This article explains the health effects and scientific Invetsigation of diacetyl.
- Dichloroacetic acid This article discusses the dichloroacetic acid in detail.
- Dieldrin This article explains the overview, uses and health effects dieldrin.
- Diels-alder reactions of fullerene This article discusses the diels-alder reaction involving fullerenes.
- Dihydrodiazatetracene: is it antiaromatic? This article explains the evaluate the aromatic/antiaromatic character of these three molecules.
- Dihydroxycarbene This article describes the characterization of dihydroxycarbene and three different conformations.
- Dioxin This article describes the overview, chemical description and Human Health Effects.
- Dipeptide structure: computation and experiment This article describes the computation and experiment of the dipeptide structure.
- Domoic acid This article explains the Overview, Symptoms of Poisoning and Occurrences of the domoic acid.
- Dumping nanoparticles into a fjord This article discusses the dumping nanoparticles into a fjord.
- Dynamic effects in [1,2]- and [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangements This article discusses the same orbital symmetry arguments in the dynamic effects.
- Dynamic effects in the reaction of fluoride and CH3OOH This article explains the number of different critical points and reactions.
- Endosulfan This article discusses the endosulfan in detail.
- Enhancing the acidity of proline – application to organocatalysis This article explains enhancing the acidity of proline and application to organocatalysis.
- Enzymatic catalysis of ladder ether formation This article discusses the structure of the enzyme that catalyzes the nucleophilic.
- Ethyl alcohol This article explains the Health Effects, Pharmacology and Metabolism of ethyl alchohol.
- Ethyl cation This article describes the fundamental ethyl cation and classical structure of ethyl.
- Ethylene oxide (ETO) This article explains the ethylene oxide in detail.
- Ethynyl-substituted cyclobutadiene This article discusses the Cyclobutadiene is the prototypical antiaromatic compound.
- Fantastic host-guest complex This article explains the fluorescence quenching spectrometry.
- Fluoresence of encapsulated stilbene This article explains the Stilbene exhibits weak fluorescence in solution.
- Fluoride This article discusses the fluoride in detail.
- Fullerene oligomers as electron traps This article explains the comparing the electron affinity of the dimer having a C-C bond.
- Fungus among us – the nanoparticle producers This article explains the fungus among us with the nanoparticle producers.
- Gas phase structure of 2-deoxyribose This article describes the internal hydrogen bonding is in competition with hydrogen bonding.
- Gas-phase structure of cytosine This article explains the microwave rotational constants and nitrogen nuclear quadrupole coupling constants.
- Gas—phase structure of fructose This article explains the organic compounds for a variety of reasons, including dietary needs.
- Gaunine tautomers This article explains the transform microwave spectroscopy coupled with computation to discern molecular structure.
- Glyphosate This article explains the Uses, Chemical Description and Environmental Effects of glyphosate.
- Green chemistry This article discusses the green chemistry.
- Greenhouse effect This article explains the green house effect.
- Has a cyclobutadiene species been isolated? This article discusses the distance between a carbon of the purported cyclobutadiene ring and the carbon of CO2.
- Has a cyclobutadiene species been isolated? (part 2) This article discusses the cycloaddition to give back the lactone.
- Health effects of trichloroethylene This article discusses the health effects of tricholroethylene.
- Heptachlor This article discusses the Overview, Chemical Description and Human Health Effects of heptachlor.
- Hexachlorobenzene This article describes the Routes of Exposure and Metabolism, Chemical Description and Uses of Hexachlorobenzene.
- Hexacoordinate carbon This article describes the paths between the central allene carbon and each oxygen.
- History of lead use This article discusses the history of lead use.
- How do nanoparticles enter cells? This article describes the nanoparticles enter cells.
- How nanoparticles get into the environment This article describes the nanoparticles get into the environment.
- How some nanoparticles are like chocolate chip cookies This article explains how some nanoparticles are like chocalate cookies.
- Hydrazine This article explains the Chemical and Physical Properties of Hydrazine.
- Hydrogen bonds and bond critical points This article discusses the bond critical point and the existence of a chemical bond.
- Hydrogen-bonded-assisted acidity This article describes the potentially be stabilized by a large hydrogen bonding network.
- Hydroxymethylene tunnels through a large barrier This article explains the degradation of hydroxymethylene is entirely due to tunneling through a very large classical barrier.
- Indolyne regioselectivity explained This article explains the comparable reactions as benzyne, like Diels-Alder reactions and nucleophilic attack.
- Insights into dynamic effects This article explains the different Diels-Alder reaction involving two diene species.
- Interacting bis-allyl diradicals This article explains the two allyl groups interact through a cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl ring.
- Introduction and history of arsenic This article describes about the introduction and history of arsenic.
- Introduction to neurotoxicology This article discusses the introduction to neurotoxicology.
- Inverted adamantane This article describes the tortured molecules as cubane and cyclopentyne and trans-fused bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane.
- Invisible remnants of dead stuff hiding in water This article discusses the invisible remnants of dead stuff hiding in water.
- Is the cyclopropenyl anion antiaromatic? This article explains the outgrowth of the well-entrenched notion or aromaticity.
- Melamine This article discusses the health effects, uses and chemical description of melamine.
- Metaldehyde This article describes the overview, uses, health effects and Environmental Effects of metaldehyde.
- Methomyl This article explains the overview, uses, health effects and Environmental Effects of methomyl.
- Mirex This article describes the overview, Human Health Effects, Chemical Characteristics and Degradation of mirex.
- Monosaccharide pes This article discusses the axial and equatorial positions of the hydroxyl and methylhydroxyl groups.
- Monosaccharides benchmark This article describes the different computational methods perform in predicting the energies of monosaccharides.
- More dynamic effects in diels-alder reactions This article discusses the Diels-Alder cycloaddition of acrolein with methyl vinyl ketone.
- More strange dynamics from the singleton group This article explains the singleton group reports experiments and computations.
- Morphine This article explains the Overview, uses, Pharmacology and Metabolism of morphine.
- M-xylylene This article explains the compares with recent high-level computations.
- Nano contaminants This article discusses the nano contaminants in detail.
- Nanohoop of linked napthlylene groups This article describes the macrocycle contains an odd number of naphthylene units.
- New enzyme activation model This article explains the enzymes that coordinate the substrate an oxyanion hole.
- No h…h bonding in phenanthrene despite a bond path This article explains the significant interaction between the two hydrogen (deuterium) atoms.
- Nonamethylcyclopentyl cation This article discusses the two sets of methyl groups.
- Non-kekule triplet diradical This article describes the characteristic six-line signal, with zero-field splitting parameters consistent.
- Norbornyl cation This article explains a source of controversy for decades in the norbornyl cation.
- Oil dispersant This article discusses the oil dispersant.
- Optical activity of a chiral calix [4] arene This article discusses the optical rotation or electronic circular dichroism.
- Oxime bond dissociation energies This article discusses the experimental data coming from calorimetric and electrochemical experiments.
- Oxyallyl diradical This article explains the computations of the photoelectron spectroscopy.
- Paraquat This article discusses the overview, Chemical Description and Health Effects of paraquat.
- Parathion This article explains the Chemical Description, Health Effects, Pharmacology and Metabolism of parathion.
- Pentachlorophenol This article describes the chemical Description, Health Effects and uses of pentachilorophenol.
- Persistent environmental contaminants This article explains the persistence environmental contaminants.
- Phenylhydroxycarbene This article explains the work on phenylcarbenes which typically ring expand to the cycloheptatetraene.
- Phenyloxenium cation This article describes the devoted to phenylnitrene 2 and phenylcarbene.
- Planar cyclooctatetraene? This article discusses the fused silicon and sulfur bridges to the COT framework.
- Plutonium This article explains the plutonium in detail.
- Polyacrylic acid This article explains the introduction, chemical properties and uses of polyacrylic acid.
- Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) This article discusses the polybrominated diphenyl ethers in detail.
- Polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) This article explains the polychlorinated biphenyls.
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons This article describes the overview, Chemical Characteristics and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - II This article discusses the uses, Routes of Exposure and Metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - III This article explains the Human Health Effects, Environmental Fate and Ecotoxic Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
- Polytwistane! This article explains the polytwistane using computational techniques.
- Predicting aqueous pka This article discusses the methodological advantages within the sphere of computational chemistry.
- Predicting reactive c-c bonds This article discusses the bond in a molecule without computing activation.
- Predicting the structure of hexacyclinol This article describes the utilizing computational methods to predict the NMR spectrum of a compound.
- Protocol for computing NMR chemical shifts This article discusses the structure identification aided by computed spectra, especially NMR spectra.
- Protonated acetylene This article discusses the computations were performed on the classical and non-classical structures of protonated acetylene.
- Protonation of 4-aminobenzoic acid This article explains the molecular structures can differ depends on phase and gas.
- Radon This article describes the Chemical Description, Health Effects and uses of radon.
- Radon - II This article discusses the health effects, mechanism and Absorption, Distribution and Site of Toxicity of radon.
- Roaming mechanism in photodissociation of nitrobenzene This article describes the some traction as a recognizable model.
- Rotational barrier of biphenyl This article explains the rotational barrier of biphenyl and this tackled a number of different effects.
- Saccharin This article explains the Properties and Chemistry of saccharin.
- Sarin This article explains the sarin in detail.
- Scientists study complex chemical systems This article explains the scientists study complex chemical systems.
- Singlet oxygen ENE reaction revisited This article describes the high-dimension potential energy surfaces by reducing the dimensionality.
- Singlet-triplet carbene gap and remote subtituents This article explains the characterized the meta and para methoxy-substituted phenyltrifluoromethyl.
- Solvent effect on carbene spin state This article describes the dramatic change in the relative stability.
- Stepwise cyclization of allene-ynes This article describes the computations support the mechanism in the transition state.
- Strain and aromaticity in the [n] (2, 7) pyrenophanes This article discusses the examine the loss of aromaticity as defined by aromatic stabilization energy.
- Structure determination: quercusnin a This article describes the computed ECD spectrum matches nicely with the experimental spectra.
- Structure of 1-aminocyclopropylcarboxylic acid This article discusses the conformations of α-amino acids in the gas phase.
- Structure of benzene dication This article discusses the iconic chemical compounds, its planar hexagonal structure.
- Structure of citrinalin B This article explains the characterization and biosynthesis of some metabolites from Penniculium strains.
- Structure of dihydroxycarbene This article discusses the gas-phase microwave determination of the trans,cis isomer.
- Structure of histidine This article describes the combination of exquisite microwave spectroscopy and quantum computations.
- Structure of the hydrated proton This article describes the IR spectrum of strong acid in water and nature of the hydrated proton.
- Structure of the propellane radical cation This article explains the electron to form the radical cation in the geometrical change.
- Structure revision: vescalagin and castalagin This article explains the stereochemistry of the triphenyl fragment.
- Structures of cephalosporolide C, J, and bassianolone This article describes the synthesized and their structures confirmed by x-ray crystallography.
- Study of nanoparticles - interactions with biological soup This article discusses the study of nanoparticles in detail.
- Styrene This article explains the overview, Chemical Description, uses and Health Effects of styrene.
- Taxanes This article explains the overview and history of Taxanes.
- Taxanes - mechanism of action This article discusses the mechanism of action of taxanes.
- Taxanes : delivery issues and related compounds This article discusses the delivery issues and related compounds of taxanes.
- Tefluthrin This article explains the overview, uses and chemical description of tefluthrin.
- The atomic difference between diamonds and graphite This article explains the atomic difference between diamonds and graphite.
- The chemical story behind non-petroleum-based plastics This article describes the chemical story behind non-petroleum based plastics.
- The C-S triple bond This article discusses the NBO analysis indicates a triple bond.
- The x-ray structure of norbornyl cation This article describes the prohibit rotation of the norbornyl cation within the crystal.
- Thiram This article disucsses the overview, Uses, Environmental Effects and Health Effects of thiram.
- Toxaphene This article explains the overview, Uses, Environmental Effects and Health Effects of toxaophene.
- Toxic chemicals in household products This article discusses the toxic chemicals in household products.
- Triafulvalene This article discusses the synthesis of highly strained compounds.
- Tributyltin This article explains the tributyline in detail.
- Trichlorfon This article discusses the Chemical Description, uses, Health Effects and Environmental Effects of trichlorofon.
- Trichloroethylene This article describes the overview, physical properties and uses of trichloroethylene.
- Trichloroethylene - II This article explains the Health effects, precaution and Current events of tricholroethylene.
- Triclosan This article explains the overview, chemical description, uses and Health Effects of triclosan.
- Tridehydrobenzene This article explains the preparation and characterization of trifluoro-1,3,5-tridehydrobenzene.
- Tri-p-quinodimethane This article describes the distance between the terminal carbons.
- Turning plastic bags into carbon nanotubes This article discusses turning plastic bags into carbon nanotubes.
- Twisting a benzene ring This article describes the molecule that is a fused double helicene.
- Two ways to make nanoparticles This article explains the two ways to make nanoparticles.
- Unusual carbene ground states This article explains the ground state of methylene is the triplet with one electron in the σ-orbital and one electron in the π-orbital.
- Vinyl chloride This article explains the overview, chemical description, uses and Health Effects of vinyl chloride.
- Which is the most acidic proton of cysteine? This article explains the three intramolecular hydrogen bonds.
- Which is the most acidic proton of tyrosine? This article describes the prediction of acidic than the carboxylic acid group.
- Why nanoparticles in the environment may be a big deal This article explains why nanoparticle in the environment may be a big deal.
- Xylene This article describes the overview, chemical description, uses and Health Effects of xylene.
- [2,2]paracyclophane – structure resolved This article discusses the some of the unfavorable eclipsing interactions in the ethano bridges.
- [2+2] Cycloaddition of tethered allene-ynes This article describes the system with various saturated tethers between these functional groups.
- [6]Saddlequat – the ruber glove inversion This article describes the helicene with this type of stereochemistry.
- [8+2] cycloaddition is stepwise This article discusses the first transition state (TS1) has nitrogen acting as a nucleophile, attacking the carbonyl carbon.
- A new approach to nmr structure prediction This article discusses the use of computed NMR shifts as a tool for determining molecular structure.
- A stepwise diels-alder This article discusses the gas-phase environment, indicated a concerted mechanism, with thermodynamic control.
- Acene dimerization This article describes the molecules of benzene into three possible dimer products.
- Acids, bases and salts This article discusses the acids, salts and bases in detail.
- Aluminium This article discusses about the aluminium in detail.
- Another example of tunneling control This article explains the Tunneling more traditionally recognized kinetic and thermodynamic control.
- Aquatolide – structure revision brought on by computed nmr spectra This article explains the determination of the structure using x-ray diffraction.
- Aqueous diels-alder reactions This article describes the enhancement of Diels-Alder reactions in various solvents.
- Assigning a computed nmr spectrum – the case of one diastereomer This article discusses the product of the probabilities over all possible diastereomers.
- Assigning the structure of obtusallenes using computed nmr This article describes the correlation between the computed chemical shifts for these original structures.
- Atomic couterpoise correction for bsse This article discusses the all atoms in the molecule and EA(basisSetA) is the energy of atom.
- Atomic theory This article describes the atomic theory in detail.
- Basic purification techniques This article describes the basic purification techniques in detail
- Basis sets for OR This article explains the compared the computed optical rotation with the different basis sets with the value.
- Becke’s perspective on DFT This article describes the DFT actual implementations as Density Functional Approximations (DFA).
- Benchmarking conformations: melatonin This article describes the benchmarking methods for their ability to predict accurate conformation energies.
- Benchmarking DFT for alkane conformers This article discusses the performance of different functionals at the conformations of small alkanes.
- Benchmarking DFT for the aldol and mannich reactions This article describes the comparing their reaction energies predicted with DFT.
- Benchmarking π-conjugation This article explains the functional to use in your particular application requires of benchmark studies.
- Benzene dimer again This article describes the two T-shaped isomers, where a hydrogen from one benzene interacts with the center of the π-cloud of the second.
- Benzene dimers – [2+2] and [4+2] This article explains the new dimers are only somewhat higher in energy than the known dimers.
- Benzylic Effect in SN2 Reactions This article explains the SN2 reactions are accelerated when the attack occurs at the benzylic carbon.
- Biscorannulenyl Stereochemistry This article discusses the three sets of signals, evidently from three different diastereomers.
- Bond Dissociation Enthalpies of Hydrocarbons This article explains the experimental determination of the BDE of both the vinyl and allylic positions of cyclobutene.
- Branching On the Diels-Alder Potential Energy Surface This article explains the unusual potential energy surface topologies continues.
- C1-C5 Cyclization of Enediynes – Alternative to the Bergman Reaction This article explains the reaction that started all the excitement is the C1-C6 cyclization.
- C6f6+ — Bond Stretch Isomerism This article explains the isomers that differ simply in their bond lengths in Bond-stretch isomerism.
- Calculating NMR Proton-Proton Coupling Constants This article describes the rigid molecules with computed proton-proton coupling constants.
- Carbon This article explains the carbon is an element of symbol “C”, with atomic number 6.
- Catalytic Claisen Rearrangments This article describes the transition state for a model Claisen rearrangement catalyzed by a model guanidinium ion.
- CD of High-Symmetry Molecules This article discusses the computations of circular dichroism of high-symmetry molecules.
- Chemical Names, Translations, and Inchis (and Some Klingon) This article discusses the two similarly names compounds phenylacetate and phenyl acetate.
- Combustion This article describes the chemical reaction of loss of electrons of a combustible material.
- Computational Approaches to Absolute Configuration This article discusses the new protocol for determining absolute configuration using computed spectral properties.
- Computed ECD of a Coumarin with Axial Chirality This article explains the use of computed spectra to determine the structure or configuration of a compound.
- Computed NMR Chemical Shifts With Multiple Standards This article explains the organic compounds possessing a wide variety of functional groups and rings.
- Computed NMR of a Large Organometallic This article explains the swapping of the relative position of the chemical shifts of the methyl vs methylene proton.
- Computed NMR spectra predicts the structure of Nobilisitine A This article discusses the experimental spectrum and a number of potential diastereomeric structures.
- Computed NMR spectra to identify the structure of Samoquasine A This article discusses the used to identify complex organic structures in the NMR spectra.
- Computing 1H NMR Chemical Shifts This article describes the characterizing structures and stereochemistry.
- Computing Accurate Energies This article describes the approach of benchmarking methods and basis sets using isomerization energies.
- Computing Optical Activities This article describes the application of computational chemistry is in the structural identification of compounds.
- Computing OR: Norbornenone This article discusses the combined with computations will be a powerful tool for determining absolute configuration.
- Computing Rotoxanes – A Performance Study This article discusses the computation of these systems remains a real challenge for many reasons.
- Conformation of Propyphenazone This article explains the two pyramidal nitrogens with their substituents on opposite sides of the ring.
- Conformational Preference in Vinyl Sulfoxides This article describes the conformational preference of α-β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.
- Cope Rearrangement vs. Tandem Retro-Diels-Alder- Reaction This article describes the computational methods can help elucidate a reaction mechanism.
- Covalently Linked Cycloparaphenylenes – Onwards To Nanotubes This article discusses the optimized geometries of these two compounds in their cis and trans conformations.
- Cyclobutenone as a Dienophile This article describes the effects of rehybridization of two particularly strained sp2 carbons in the cycloaddition transition state.
- Cyclopenta [B] Benzofuran – Stereochemistry and Mechanism of Formation This article explains the computation and corroboration of the stereochemistry of the product using computed NMR shifts.
- Cyclopropylhydroxycarbene This article discusses the confirms the stabilization effect of the cyclopropyl group and its effect of the three-member ring.
- De Novo Enzyme Design This article explains the model enzyme is one that will provide a hydrogen bond acceptor to the carbamate proton.
- Definition of the Hydrogen Bond This article explains the interaction between a hydrogen atom from a molecule or molecular fragment.
- Distortion Energy and the Diels-Alder Reaction This article discusses the Diels-Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene with 2-cyclohexenone, 2-cyclopentenone and cyclobutenone.
- Distortional Asymmetry Leads To Stereoinduction This article describes the procedure DSD-DFT for Dispersion corrected, Spin-component scaled Double hybrid DFT.
- DSD-DFT – A Double Hybrid Variation This article describes the procedure DSD-DFT for Dispersion corrected, Spin-component scaled Double hybrid DFT.
- Dynamic Effects in Nucleophilic Substitution This article discusses the Singleton has examined the nucleophilic substitution reaction.
- Dynamics in the Wittig Reaction This article describes the concerning the role of dynamics in discerning reaction mechanisms.
- Electro cyclization of 7-Azahepta-1,2,4,6-Tetraene This article discusses the concerning the nature of the electrocyclization of 7-azahepta-1,2,4,6-tetraene.
- Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution is Really Addition-Elimination This article discusses the Modeling the reaction of benzene with Br2 and highest barrier for the addition-elimination process.
- Enantioselective Michael Addition This article describes the combined computational/experimental study of the enantioselective Strecker reaction.
- Enantioselective Strecker Reaction This article explains the use of amido-thiourea catalysts in the enantioselective Strecker reaction.
- Errors in DFT: Computation of the Diels-Alder Reaction This article explains the Diels-Alder reactions using a variety of functionals.
- Extrapolated CCSD (T) Thermochemistry This article discusses the each of these molecules at two computational levels and two computational methods.
- Extremely Short Non-Bonding H…H Distance This article explains the closest non-bonding H…H distance within a single molecule.
- Fantastic Optical Activity of an Octaphyrin This article describes the crystal structure and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra reported.
- Fused Aromatic Ring Effect on Electrocyclization Reactions This article explains the effect of diminishing the aromatic character of the fused rings.
- Gallepin This article discusses the synthesis of and computations on the novel structure gallepin.
- Garrat-Braverman vs. Myers-Saito Cyclization This article discusses the terms of competition with the Myers-Saito cyclization using both experiments and computations.
- Glass This article explains the Glass has a smooth, non-porous surface which is resistant to chemical attack.
- Heavy Atom Tunneling This article explains the exploring reactions where tunneling is operational.
- Helium This article explains the helium in detail.
- Hydrogen This article describes the hydrogen is a chemical element with symbol “H” and atomic number 1.
- Hypercoordinate Carbon This article discusses the stable molecule containing a hypercoordinated carbon atom.
- Hypercubane This article describes the critical decision is the connecting bridge between the outer (exploded) carbons of the hypercube.
- Ideas about Atoms This article discusses the idea about atoms in detail.
- Introduction to Chemistry This article describes what is all about chemistry.
- Is CCSD (T)/CBS Really The Gold Standard? This article explains the gold standard in quantum chemistry is the method.
- Large Water Clusters and DFT Performance This article discusses the comparison of binding energies and relative energies of five (H2O)16 clusters.
- Lewis Acid Catalysis of 6E- Electrocyclizations This article describes the use of an aluminum Lewis Acid to catalyze a 6e- electrocyclization.
- Long C-O Bonds This article explains the computed the structures of some oxonium cations that express some very long C-O bonds.
- Looking at “Stability” – The Role of Tunneling This article discusses the tunneling using the small curvature tunneling (SCT) approximation predicts a half-life.
- Macmillan’s Imidazolidinone: Origins of Stereoselection This article discusses the use of iminium ions as a catalyst and to provide stereoselection.
- Magnesium This article describes themagnesium is a chemical element with atomic number 12.
- Malonaldehydes: Searching For Short Hydrogen Bonds This article describes the malonaldehyde possesses a very short intramolecular hydrogen bond.
- Mannich Reaction This article explains the Mannich reaction of the enamine formed from acetone and S-proline.
- Metal-Assisted Cope Rearrangements This article explains the ordinary Cope rearrangement displays chameleonic character.
- Metals and Non Metals This article discusses the metals and non-metals.
- Metals and Non Metals - II This article explains the metals and non-metals in detail.
- Methylhydroxycarbene and Tunelling Control This article discusses the demonstrating the critical importance of combining experiment with computations.
- Microsolvated Structure of β-Propiolactone This article discusses the structure of water about a solute remains of understanding aqueous solvation.
- More about Protons, Neutrons and Electrons This article explains the isotopes, protons, electrons and neutrons.
- More DFT Benchmarks – Sugars and “Mindless” Test Sets This article discusses the relative energy of carbohydrate conformation energies.
- More on Solvated Sugars This article explains the conformation energy profile of solvated ethylene glycol and glycerol.
- New Organocatalysts for the Aldol Reaction This article describes the performed a series of computational studies to discern the mechanism.
- New Pseudopericyclic Reaction This article explains the molecular orbitals indicates the interaction of sets of orthogonal orbitals.
- New Solvation Model: SM8 This article explains the utilized (both water and organic solvents) and treats both neutral and charged solutes.
- New York Times V. Chemistry – And Chemistry Loses This article explains the a random collection of atomic symbols.
- NMR Shifts of Aromatic and Antiaromatic Compounds Using BLW This article describes the wavefunction (BLW) technique to aromatic and antiaromatic chemical shifts.
- Non-Nuclear Attractor in the Electron Density This article discusses the important for computational chemists in electron density analysis.
- Nucleophilic Substitution at Phosphorus This article discusses the computational examination of nucleophilic substitution at phosphorus.
- Oil Testing Kit This article explains the oil testing kit with detail.
- Optical Activity Of A [3, 3] Paracyclophane This article explains the configuration of the [3, 3] paracyclophane and different conformations of energy conformers.
- ORD of 2,3-Hexadiene This article describes the experimental and computational study of the ORD of 2,3-hexadiene.
- Organocatalytic Claisen Rearrangements This article explains the using a chiral guanadinium salt to catalyze the enantioselective Claisen rearrangement.
- Organocatalytic Enantioselective Michael Addition This article discusses the performed ONIOM computations to search for transition states using the full molecules.
- Origin of DFT Failure This article explains the different functionals, and benchmarked the energies.
- Origin of DFT Failures – Part III This article explains the alkane isomer energy and bond separation reactions.
- Oxazolidinone Intermediates in Proline-Catalyzed Aldol Reactions? This article discusses the oxazolidinone intermediate has been observed in proline-catalyzed aldol condensations.
- Ozonolysis This article explains the composite methods as simple “black-box” solutions using a number of different composite methods.
- Palau’amine Structure This article discusses the structure of palau’amine underwent numerous revisions and its two conformations.
- Predicting NMR Chemical Shifts This article describes the three applications of computed NMR chemical shifts.
- Predicting NMR Chemical Shifts of Penam Β-Lactams This article discusses the computations to the predictions of both protons and carbon NMR chemical shifts.
- Predicting the 13C NMR of Elatenyne This article explains all energetically low-lying conformers through a Monte Carlo MM search.
- Predicting the Structure of Artarborol This article explains the identified a component of wormwood called artarborol.
- Protobranching Rebutted This article describes the concept of “protobranching” energetic stability of the branched alkanes.
- Proton Transfer in a Hydrated Anion This article describes the conjugate base of aniline (C6H5NH-, 1) using both PES and MP2/DZP computations.
- Proximity-Induced Diels-Alder Reaction This article explains the cause for this proximity-induced reaction.
- Pseudopericyclic [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement This article explains the characterization is based largely on the shapes of the active Mos.
- QM Reflection off a Barrier This article describes the structures of the transition states for these two reactions.
- Racemization of Imidazolines This article discusses the mechanism for this racemization was proposed and supported with computations.
- Rate Determining Step in the Hajos-Parrish-Eder-Sauer-Wiechert Reaction This article describes the transition state for the formation of the C-C bond (TS3) predicts no kinetic isotope effect.
- Reaction Dynamics in the Diels-Alder Reaction This article describes the organic reaction more examined by computational methods than the Diels-Alder reaction.
- Regiolone and Isosclerone: Enantiomers Resolved This article describes the energy conformer contributes a negative rotation, the much larger positive rotation.
- SI-PETN Sensitivity Explained This article explains the computations to explore five different possible decomposition pathways.
- SN2 and E2 DFT Benchmark This article discusses the reactions of ethyl fluoride with fluoride and ethyl chloride with chloride.
- Splitting CO2 with a Two-Coordinate Boron Cation This article discusses the computations support a hypothetical mechanism.
- Stereochemistry of the Michael Addition This article describes the involves a metal bridging across the two carbonyl oxygens.
- Structure of 1-Methyl-Piperidone This article discusses the synergistic workings of experiments and computations.
- Structure of Conicasterol F This article describes the using the comparison of computed and experimental coupling constants.
- Structure of Protonated Serotonin This article describes the structure of organic molecules of biochemical significance.
- Structure of Vannusal B This article describes the correlation between the computed chemical shifts.
- Substitution vs. Addition: Dynamic Effects This article explains the reaction of hydroxide with substitutes α-bromoacetophenones.
- Synthetic Application of the Bergman Cyclization This article describes the bergman cyclization is use of this reaction to create polycyclic aromatics.
- T-Butyl Radical and Anion This article explains the focal-point computational study of t-butyl radical and the t-butyl anion.
- The Click Reaction in Nature? This article describes the click reaction has become a major workhorse of synthetic chemists.
- The Longest Straight Chain Alkane This article describes the role of dispersion in organic chemistry, both structure and reactivity.
- The Periodic Table This article describes the periodic table with alkali metals and halogens.
- The Solvent’s Role in Optical Rotation This article explains the optical rotation was then computed at four wavelengths using TDDFT.
- Thiourea-Catalyzed Hydroamination This article describes the application of thiourea-based organocatalysts.
- Thorpe-Ingold Effect This article discusses the reaction of the 2-chloroethoxides 1-3 using computations and effect of solvent.
- Torquoselectivity of Cyclobutene Ring Opening This article describes the phenylcyclobutene will ring-open to give the outward rotated product.
- Trans-Cyclooctene as a Click Alternative This article explains the copper-assisted cycloaddition of an azide with an alkyne.
- Tunneling in T-Butylhydroxycarbene This article describes the compounds along with the transition states for the three migrations.
- Types of Matter This article explains the elements, compounds and mixtures.
- Understanding 1,3-Dipole Cycloaddition Reactions This article discusses the computations on the cycloaddition reactions of ethene and ethyne with different dipoles.
- Welwitindolinones Structure This article discusses the use of computed NMR to determine stereochemical structure.
- π-π Stacking - I This article describes the importance of the interactions between neighboring aromatic molecules.
- π-π Stacking - II This article discusses the sensitive test of the quality of computational methods.
- Polymers Are Not Standard Glasses This article discusses the polymers are not standard glasses.
- Möbius Annulene Cations This article describes the organic chemists have been fascinated with this structure.
- Higher-Order Möbius Annulenes This article describes the molecular analogue of the common Möbius strip is the annulene.
- Möbius Aromaticity This article discusses the electron density than for a typical C-C bond.
- Isotope Anomalies in Superconductors and the Pairing Mechanism This article explains the isotopes anomalies in superconductors and the pairing mechanism.
- The Strongest Acid yet Gentlest – How Could It Be? This article discusses the strongest acid yet gentlest.
- Strange Molecular Systems in the Atmosphere of Titan This article explains the strange molecular systems in the atmosphere of titan.
- Boron and Other Triel Elements as Strong Lewis Acid Centers This article discusses the boron and other triel elements as strong lewis acid centers.
- Lead-Oriented Synthesis: A New Concept to Aid Drug-Discovery Process This article explains the lead-oriented synthesis.
- Living Beings: Systems All the Way Back To Their Chemical Origins This article discusses the living beings with their chemical origins.
- The Halogen Bond – That Interaction Similar To the Hydrogen Bond This article describes about the halogen bond with interaction similar to the hydrogen bond.
- C2 Molecule, Doubly Or Quadruply Bonded? This article explains the C2 molecule, doubly or quaduply bonded.
- Study on Hydrogen This article discusses the hydrogen in detail.
- Study on Ethane This article explains the study on ethane in detail.
- Study on Carbon Dioxide This article describes the study on carbon di oxide.
- Gasoline This article explains the gasoline, its chemical composition and dangers.
- Natural Gas This article discusses the Storage and transport of natural gas.
- Oil Refinery This article explains the oil refinery.
- Oil Well This article describes the synopsis of oil well.
- Petroleum This article discusses the extraction, environmental effect and classification of petroleum.
- Study on Sewage This article discusses the study on sewage.
- Sewage Treatment This article explains the sewage treatment in detail.
- Sewage Treatment- II This article discusses the sewage treatment in detail.
- Anomalous Behaviour of the 2nd Row Elements This article explains the anomalous behaviour of the 2nd row elements.
- Atomic Size This article explains the atomic size depends on three things.
- Bond Character Based On Electronegativity Differences This article describes the bond character based on electronegativity differences.
- Bond Fission - I This article explains the homolytic fission and heterolytic fission in detail.
- Bond Fission - II This article discusses the carbocations, carbonions and stability of intermediates.
- Combustion Reaction and Rearrangement or Isomerization Reactions This article describes the combustion is rapid oxidation or burning and rearrangement or isomerization reactions.
- Concentration This article discusses the dissolved just a couple of crystals of table salt in water.
- Covalent Bonds This article describes the one or more electrons transfer completely from one atom to another.
- Decomposition Reactions and Single Displacement Reactions This article discusses the decomposition reactions and the single displacement reactions.
- Differences Between H2O And D2O This article explains the differences between H2O and D2O.
- Dioxygen - O2 This article explains the Di-oxygen in detail.
- Double Displacement Reactions and Acid-Base Neutralization This article explains the double displacement reaction and the acid-base neutralization.
- Electron Affinity This article discusses the measure of the tendency of an atom to attract an electron from another atom.
- Electronegativity This article describes the many properties of many chemical compounds and reactions.
- Electronic Effects in a Covalent Bond This article explains the electronic effects in acovalent bond.
- Electrostatic Forces This article explains the electrical force between charged particles is one of the four fundamental kinds of forces.
- Ethanol as a Fuel Source This article discusses the Ethanol as a fuel source.
- Ethanol as a Fuel Source - II This article describes the Environmental Benefits, Problems and The Future of Ethanol.
- Functional Groups This article describes the List of functional groups in organic chemistry.
- General Description of Hydrogen Peroxide This article discusses the general description of hydrogen peroxide.
- General Identification of Hydrogen Peroxide This article describes the General Identification of Hydrogen Peroxide.
- Heat Transfer Properties of Hydrogen Peroxide This article discusses the heat transfer properties of hydrogen peroxide.
- Hydrogen and its Components This article discusses the hydrogen and its components.
- Hydrogen Bonding This article explains the kind of intermolecular interaction in biological chemistry.
- Hydrogen Bonds: A Study This article discusses the a study on hydrogen bonds.
- Hydrogen Peroxide Bipropellent Systems This article explains the hydrogen peroxide bipropellant systems. In detail.
- Hydrogen Peroxide Monopropellant Systems This article explains the hydrogen peroxide monopropellant systems.
- Hydrogen Peroxide Structure and Spectra This article explains the Hydrogen Peroxide Structure and Spectra.
- Hydrogen Storage in Carbon Nanotubes This article explains the background of hydrogen storage in carbon nanotubes.
- Hydrogenation of Carbon Nanotubes This article discusses the hydrogenation of carbon nanotubes in detail.
- Induction Forces and Dispersion Force This article discusses the interact to attract and/or repel one another.
- Inductive Effects in a Covalent Bond This article discusses the inductive effect in a covalent bond.
- Ionization Energy This article explains the ionization energy of an element is the outermost valence-shell electron from the atom.
- Is Hydrogen Peroxide the Best Rocket Fuel This article describes about the hydrogen peroxide as the best rocket fuel.
- Metallic Character This article describes the metals carry electric current and transmit heat readily.
- Molality (m) and Mole Fraction (Xi) This article describes the number of moles of solute divided by the number of Kilograms of solvent.
- Molecular Ions This article explains the one or more electrons or extra electrons is a molecular ions.
- Multipole Forces This article describes the atom like an inert gas atom of electrons is more-or-less spherical.
- Normal Boiling Point of Hydrogen Peroxide This article explains the normal boiling point of hydrogen peroxide.
- Oxidation Numbers This article explains the reflected in the difference in oxidation number of atoms.
- Ozone Depletion This article discusses the ozone depletion in detail.
- Physical Properties of Hydrogen Peroxide This article discusses the physical properties of hydrogen peroxide.
- Plastic Fantastic This article describes the list as possible of plastic item types and its uses.
- Polarizability This article explains the Fajan's rule in detail.
- Preparing To Manufacture Hydrogen Peroxide This article explains preparing to manufacture hydrogen peroxide.
- Production of Hydrogen This article discusses the production of hydrogen.
- Purification and Concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide This article describes Purification and Concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide.
- Quantum Numbers This article explains the labels the energy level of an electron.
- Review of Atomic Ions This article discusses the nature of atom-bound electrons in the ionic forms of some atoms.
- Saline Hydrides This article explains the saline hydrides in detail.
- Solubility and Miscibility of Hydrogen Peroxide This article discusses about the Solubility and Miscibility of Hydrogen Peroxide.
- Steric Effects in a Covalent Bond This article discusses the steric effects in a covalent bond.
- Structural Isomerism This article explains the structural Isomerism in detail.
- Structure of Atoms This article discusses the fundamental building blocks called atoms or atomic hypothesis.
- Synthesis Reactions This article describes the molecules combine to form one or more larger or more complicated compound.
- Tetravalent Carbon and Its Hybridization This article explains the tetravalent carbon and its hybridization.
- The Heating Curve of Water This article describes the heating of water from a temperature in the vaporization point.
- The Hydrogen-Atom Spectrum This article describes the absorption by and emission from an ensemble of hydrogen atoms.
- The Hydrophobic Effect This article discusses the mnemonic means that polar or charged substances tend to dissolve in polar solvents while nonpolar substances.
- The Mole This article describes the bridge between the number of things and the mass of some known amount of things.
- The Octet Rule This article discusses the eight electrons in their outer shell – the octet rule.
- The Periodic Table This article describes the electrons are bound to atoms layout of the periodic table.
- The Photoelectric Effect This article discusses the more light on the behavior of electrons in the photoelectric effect.
- The Roles of Electrons and Neutrons This article explains the electrons behave in atoms and molecules.
- The Shapes of the Orbitals This article describes the spherical harmonic functions in the spaces that electrons.
- The Water Molecule This article discusses the water is a nonlinear covalently-bonded triatomic molecule.
- Thermodynamic Properties of Hydrogen Peroxide This article explains the thermodynamic propeties of hydrogen peroxide.
- Transport Properties of Hydrogen Peroxide This article explains the transport propeties of hydrogen peroxide.
- Transport Properties of Hydrogen Peroxide - II This article discusses the transport propeties of hydrogen.
- Water Forms Hydrogen Bonds This article explains the hydrogen bonding among water molecules and between liquid water and solutes.
- What Is An Electron? This article explains the electrons are particles in the atoms.
- What is Stoichiometry? This article discusses the used two different rocket systems.
- Applications of Charles Law This article describes the application of charles law.
- Applications of MOT This article explains the applications of MOT.
- Bronsted -Lowry Acid Base Theory This article discusses the Bronsted -Lowry Acid Base Theory
- Chemical Equilibrium This article explains the chemical equilibrium in detail.
- Co-Ordinate Covalent Bond This article explains the co-ordinate covalent bond in detail.
- Covalent Bond Vs Ionic Bond This article describes the covalent bond vs Ionic bond
- Delocalization of Pi Π Bond This article describes the delocalization of pi bond.
- Do Real Gases Behave Ideally? This article discusses the Real Gases Behave Ideally.
- Effect of Lone Pairs on Hybridization This article explains the effect of lone pairs on hybridization.
- How Does Electronegativity Decide the Nature of Bond This article discusses the nature of bond in electronegativity.
- Hybridization: In Molecules Containing Double and Triple Bond This article discusses the hybridization in molecules containing and triple bond.
- Hydrogen Bond This article discusses the hydrogen bond in detail.
- Hydrolysis of Salts This article discusses the hydrolysis of salts in detail.
- Ideal Gas Equation This article explains the ideal gas equation in detail.
- Ionization of Weak Acids and Bases This article describes the Ionization of weak acids and bases.
- Liquification of Gases This article describes the Liquification of gases.
- Molecular Orbital Theory: Dual Nature of Electron This article describes the dual nature of electron in molecular orbital theory.
- MOT: Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals (LCAO) This article discusses the linear combination of atomic orbitals.
- Periodic Property: Deviations in the Trend of Ionization Energy This article discusses the periodic property deviations in ionisation energy.
- Periodic Property: Electro Negativity This article describes the periodic property of electronegativity in detail.
- Periodic Property: Electron Gain Enthalpy or Electron Affinity This article explains the electron gain or affinity in detail.
- Periodic Property: Ionization Energy This article explains the Ionization energy in periodic propety.
- Periodic Property: Size of the Atom/ Atomic Radius This article describes the periodic property in detail.
- Polar Covalent Bond: Water This article discusses the polar covalent bond in water.
- Qualitative Analysis of Metal Cations This article explains the Qualitative analysis of Metal cations in detail.
- Quantum Numbers: Postal Address of an Electron This article explains the quantum numbers in detail.
- Relation between KA and KB This article explains the Relation between Ka and Kb
- Sharing in Elements: Covalent Bond This article explains sharing in elements in covalent band.
- Solubility and Common Ion Effect This article describes the Solubility and Common ion Effect.
- SP2 and SP Hybridization This article describes the sp2 and sp hybridization.
- The pH Scale This article discusses the pH Scale in detail.
- Valence Bond Theory (VBT) This article explains the valence bond theory in detail.
- Valence Electrons and Valency of an Element This article explains the valence electron and valency of an element.
- What will be the Shape of a Molecule? This article discusses the shape of the molecule.
- Why is O2 Paramagnetic While N2 Diamagnetic? This article describes the O2 paramagnetic while N2 diamagnetic.
- What is a Chemical Bond? This article describes the chemical bond as an effect that causes certain atoms.
- 8Π-Electron Tautomeric Benziphthalocyanine: A Functional Near-Infrared Dye With Tunable Aromaticity This article discusses the 8π-electron tautomeric benziphthalocyanine.
- A Quantum Mechanical “Jack in the Box” This article discusses the Rapid Rearrangement of a Tetrahedryl-Tetrahedrane via Heavy Atom Tunneling.
- A Two-Coordinate Boron Cation Featuring C–B+–C Bonding This article discusses the two-coordinate boron cation featuring C–B+–C bonding.
- An Introduction to Ionic Bonding This article describes the introduction to ionic bonding.
- Aromatic Transition States in Nonpericyclic Reactions This article discusses the aromatic transition states in nonpericyclic reactions.
- Benchmarking AB Initio Binding Energies of Hydrogen-Bonded Molecular Clusters Based on FTIR Spectroscopy This article explains the use of the harmonic approximation because low-frequency modes.
- Benzene-Fused Azacorannulene Bearing an Internal Nitrogen Atom This article describes the benzene-fused azacorannulene bearing an internal nitrogen atom.
- Calculations on Tunneling in the Reactions of Noradamantyl Carbenes This article explains the calculations on tunneling in the reactions of noradamantyl carbenes.
- Calibration Curves for Salt (NACL) Solutions This article explains the calibration curves for salt (Nacl) solutions.
- Central Atoms with Five Bonds This article describes the central atoms with five bonds.
- Charge-Enhanced Acidity and Catalyst Activation This article discusses the charge-enhanced acidity and catalyst activation.
- Chasing Water This article explains the hydrogen bonding between the water molecules.
- Chemical Industry This article explains the produce industrial chemicals.
- Chemical Plant This article describes the industrial process plant that manufactures.
- Classical Models of the Chemical Bond This article discusses the classical models of the chemical bond.
- CO2 Characteristics This article discusses the characteristics of the carbon compounds.
- CO2 Impurities This article explains the provide typical CO2 stream compositions.
- CO2 Offloading at a Single Point Mooring System This article explains the CO2 offloading at a single point mooring system.
- Competition between Concerted and Stepwise Dynamics in the Triplet Di-Π-Methane Rearrangement This article explains the competition between concerted and stepwise dynamics in the triplet di-π-methane rearrangement.
- Conclusive Summary of Carbon Dioxide This article describes the conclusive summary of carbon dioxide.
- Consequence Assessment of LOC This article discusses the consequence assessment of LOC.
- Constructing Hybrid Orbitals This article discusses the combinations of 2p and 2s wave functions.
- Covalent Hypercoordination: Can Carbon Bind Five Methyl Ligands? This article describes the covalent hypercoordination.
- Design and Synthesis of the First Triply Twisted Möbius Annulene This article describes the design and synthesis of the first triply twisted möbius annulene.
- Digonal and Trigonal Coordination of VSEPR Theory This article explains the digonal and trigonal coordination of VSEPR theory.
- Dipole Moments This article describes the polar molecule acts as an electric dipole.
- Distributed Control System This article explains the distributed control system.
- Domino Tunneling This article explains the observation of tunneling in other carboxylic acids.
- Drawing Atoms This article describes the introduction to basic chemistry of how to draw basic models of atoms.
- Drawing Lewis Dot Structures This article explains the drawing a simple electron-dot structure.
- Dynamic Behavior - Conclusions This article explains the dynamic behavior - conclusions of the CO2.
- Dynamic Behavior - Cool Down and Heat Up Effects This article describes the dynamic behavior - cool down and heat up effects.
- Dynamic Behavior - Metallurgic This article explains the dynamic behavior - metallurgic.
- Dynamic Behavior - Reliability This article discusses the dynamic behavior - reliability.
- Dynamic Behavior - Waterhammer and Surge in CO2 Pipelines and Piping This article discusses the dynamic behavior - waterhammer and surge in co2 pipelines and piping.
- Dynamic Origin of the Stereoselectivity of a Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction This article explains the dynamic origin of the stereoselectivity of a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
- Dynamics and a Unified Understanding of Competitive [2,3]- and [1,2]-Sigmatropic Rearrangements This article discusses the Sigmatropic Rearrangements Based on a Study of Ammonium Ylides.
- Dynamics, Transition States, and Timing of Bond Formation in Diels–Alder Reactions This article describes the dynamics, transition states, and timing of bond formation in diels–alder reactions.
- Effect of Anharmonicity on Adsorption Thermodynamics This article discusses the energy computed using the harmonic oscillator approximation.
- Electrolysis with Universal Indicator This article discusses the electrolysis with universal pH indicator into the salt solution.
- Electron Configurations on the Periodic Table and Flame Tests This article discusses the pattern of shells and valence electrons in the periodic table.
- Electronegativity This article explains the atom denotes its relative electron-attracting power in a chemical bond.
- Electron-Pair Repulsion This article discusses the focuses on the bonding and nonbonding electron pairs.
- Emission Spectra: How Atoms Emit and Absorb Light This article explains the emission spectra: how atoms emit and absorb light.
- Energy in the Nucleus of the Atom This article describes the energy in the nucleus of the atom.
- Enhanced Helical Folding of Ortho-Phenylenes through the Control of Aromatic Stacking Interactions This article explains the enhanced helical folding of ortho-phenylenes through the control of aromatic stacking interactions.
- Exchange-Enhanced Open-Shell States: Hund's Rule for Bioinorganic Species Applied to H-Abstraction This article discusses the hund's rule for bioinorganic species applied to h-abstraction.
- Formal Charge and Oxidation Number This article discusses the formal charge on an atom is the electric charge.
- Four Decades of the Chemistry of Planar Hypercoordinate Compounds This article describes the two major motifs for constructing planar tetrahedral carbon compounds.
- Hybrid Types and Multiple Bonds This article explains the hybridization in carbon leads to its combining power of four in the methane molecule.
- Hybrids Derived from Atomic S- and P Orbitals This article explains the digonal bonding: sp-hybrid orbitals.
- Induced-Fit Catalysis of Corannulene Bowl-to-Bowl Inversion This article explains the concept of complementarity between enzyme and substrate.
- Introducing Covalent Bonding This article describes the covalent bonding happens when atoms share electrons.
- Introducing the Liquid Logistic Shipping Concept This article explains the introducing the liquid logistic shipping concept.
- Introduction to CCS This article describes the impact of the capture process on the efficiency of the chain.
- Introduction to LOC This article explains the CO2 concentrations and lethality ranges of these LOC scenarios.
- Inverted Carbon Geometries: Challenges to Experiment and Theory This article explains the inverted carbon geometries: challenges to experiment and theory.
- Ionic Compounds This article explains the chemical bonds form when electrons can be simultaneously near two or more nuclei.
- Isotope Effects, Dynamic Matching, and Solvent Dynamics in a Wittig Reaction This article discusses the isotope effects, dynamic matching, and solvent dynamics in a Wittig reaction.
- Lewis Electron-Dot Formulas This article discusses the fundamental concept of chemical bonding.
- LOC Scenarios and Frequencies This article describes the LOC scenarios and frequencies.
- Lone Pair Electrons in Hybrid Orbitals This article discusses the lone pair electrons are present on the central atom.
- Metal Oxidation States in the Oxygen-Evolving Complex: A Computational Challenge This article explains the determination of oxidation states of metals in biological systems.
- Methane from Landfills: The Uses of This article describes the methane from landfills: the uses of the methane.
- Modeling Pipeline LOC Scenarios This article discusses the modeling pipeline LOC scenarios.
- Models of Chemical Bonding This article describes the models of chemical bonding in detail.
- Molecules Different Cases This article discusses the consequence of the very high chemical reactivity of the molecules.
- More on Polar Covalence This article describes the homonuclear diatomic molecules-- molecules consisting of two identical atoms.
- Multiple Equivalent Structures: Resonance This article describes the ion contains two N–O single bonds and one N–O double bond.
- Observable Properties of Bonded Atom Pairs This article explains the observable properties of bonded atom pairs.
- Octahedral Coordination This article discusses the octahedral coordination with lone pairs.
- Oil Refinery This article discusses the oil refinery or petroleum refinery.
- Palladium-Catalyzed C–H Activation taken to the Limit This article discusses the palladium-catalyzed C–H activation taken to the limit, flattening an aromatic bowl by total arylation.
- Patterns in the Periodic Table This article explains the different elements react, is in the electron configurations.
- Predicting Kinetically Unstable C-C Bonds from the Ground-State Properties of a Molecule This article explains the predicting kinetically unstable C-C bonds from the ground-state properties of a molecule.
- Quantum-Mechanical Models This article explains the probability of finding the electron has some arbitrary value.
- Release of CO2 This article discusses the internal pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure.
- Results and Conclusion of CO2 This article describes the CO2 will be liquefied in the liquefier and stored in two storage vessels.
- Seeing Temperature, Kinetic Energy, Color and Blowing Bubbles to Acidify Water This article describes the temperature is the average kinetic energy of a substance.
- Stable Alkanes Containing Very Long Carbon–Carbon Bonds This article describes the stable alkanes containing very long carbon–carbon bonds.
- Supramolecular Binding Thermodynamics This article describes the supramolecular binding thermodynamics by dispersion-corrected density functional theory.
- Testing for Sugars and Starch This article describes the testing for sugars and starch.
- Tetrahedral (Sp3) Hybridization This article describes the corners of a tetrahedron centered on the carbon atom.
- Tetrahedral Coordination This article describes the carbon atom bonded to four hydrogens.
- Tetrahedral Coordination with Lone Pairs This article explains the tetrahedral coordination with lone pairs.
- Tetrahedrally-Coordinated Carbon Chains This article discusses the hydrocarbon ethane is essentially two CH3 tetrahedra.
- The Click Reaction in Nature? This article describes the major workhorse of synthetic chemists.
- The Negative Ion Photoelectron Spectrum of Cyclopropane-1,2,3-Trione Radical Anion, (Co)3 This article explains the negative ion photoelectron spectrum of cyclopropane-1,2,3-trione radical anion, (CO)3.
- The Octet Rule This article describes the chemical bonding involved electrostatic attraction between ion-like entities.
- The Uses of Rare Earth Elements This article discusses the uses of rare earth elements.
- The V State of Ethylene: Valence Bond Theory Takes Up the Challenge This article discusses the V state of ethylene: valence bond theory takes up the challenge.
- Thermodynamic Evaluation of Aromatic CH/Π Interactions and Rotational Entropy in a Molecular Rotor This article discusses the thermodynamic evaluation of aromatic CH/π interactions and rotational entropy in a molecular rotor.
- Toxicity of CO2 This article describes the CO2 concentrations inert gases and intoxication.
- Transition State Analysis of Enantioselective Brønsted Base Catalysis Chiral Cyclopropenimines This article describes the transition state analysis of enantioselective brønsted base catalysis chiral cyclopropenimines.
- Transport of CO2 by Pipeline - Consequence Assessment This article explains the transport of CO2 by pipeline - consequence assessment.
- Transport of CO2 by Sea Going Vessels - Scenarios This article explains the transport of co2 by sea going vessels - scenarios.
- Tunneling Assists the 1,2-Hydrogen Shift in N-Heterocyclic Carbenes This article describes the tunneling assists the 1,2-hydrogen shift in N-Heterocyclic carbenes.
- Tunneling Control of Chemical Reactions This article describes the C-H insertion versus H-tunneling in tert-butylhydroxycarbene.
- Voyager and Atomic Mass versus Atomic Weight This article explains the voyager and atomic mass versus atomic weight.
- We are Stardust: Supernovas and the Heavy Elements This article explains the stardust: supernovas and the heavy elements.
- What are Hybrid Orbitals? This article describes the orbital corresponds to a standing wave pattern in 3-dimensional space.
- What is a Molecule? This article discusses the molecule is an aggregate of atoms.
- Why a Proximity-Induced Diels–Alder Reaction is So Fast This article explains the formation of an intramolecular hydrogen bond leads to the lower activation energy.
- Why Atomic Orbitals Don't Work for Molecules This article explains the bonding in a compound of divalent beryllium, such as beryllium hydride.
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